one treatment condition of a between-subjects
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Describe some of the problems that can arise when the participants in one treatment condition of a between-subjects experiment are allowed to communicate with participants in a different condition.
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- A clinical psychologist who works with individuals also conducts research. This clinician is interested in the impact of attachment style on a person’s perceptions of their mothers.The researcher administered an attachment style questionnaire to 18 participants and based on the results categorized them into one of 3 distinct groups: secure, avoidant, or anxious. Those that are securely attached easily get close to others while those that are avoidant tend to value independence and freedom and those that are anxious have difficulties trusting others. The researcher then asks all participants to rate their mothers on a scale measuring the degree to which they perceive their mother to be malevolent (spiteful) with higher scores meaning higher malevolence. The results are presented in Table 3. Using the 0.05 alpha level and all the steps of hypothesis testing, is there a significant difference in perceptions of their mother’s malevolence depending on how attached they are? secure…Your company would like to test a new display for its Ritz Crackers. The new display will contain a “talking cracker” so that when customers walk by it talks to them. Explain how you would set up a causal experiment to test whether this new talking display produces (causes) higher sales than the old display. You might want to diagram this experiment. Also mention whether you are employing a laboratory or field experiment. Also point out potential problems with this experiment.Whenever a two-factor experiment results in a significant interaction, you should be cautious about interpreting the main effects because an interaction can distort, conceal, or exaggerate the main effects of the individual factors. True False
- 3. A psychologist wants to determine which of three advertisements is most likely to encourage teens not to drink. To assess the impact of each ad, he asks a sample of teenagers to view each ad and to rate its effectiveness on a scale of 1 (not at all effective) to 7 (very effective). One ad used words only (no-cues condition), a second ad used a generic abstract picture (generic-cues condition), and a third showed a picture of a teen drinking and impacts (smoking-related cues condition). Participant No cues Generic cues Drinking related cues A 3 5 B 3 4 6 1 4 5 3 5 7 E 4 3 F 2 7 G 2 1 6. T= 16 T= 23 T= 42 SS = 7.43 SS = 9.43 SS = 4 %3D N = 21 G= 81 EX? = 385 a. Using the 5 steps of hypothesis testing, determine if there are any significant differences in perceived effectiveness among the three advertisements. Alpha = .05. Compute post-hoc tests, if appropriate. b. Compute n?.A researcher wonders if there an association between the incidence of colds and the amount of Vitamin C taken. He recruits 93 volunteers and randomly assigns 26 of them to take 500 mg of Vitamin C, 18 of them to take 1000 mg of Vitamin C and the rest to take no Vitamin C. At the end of the study, it was determined that 30 of the volunteers did not have any colds where 15 of them were in the 500 mg group, 11 of them were in the 1000 mg group, and the rest took no Vitamin C. Test the appropriate hypothesis at a = 0.01. Round your answers to three decimal places, if necessary. Fill in the hypotheses below: Ho: There is not vitamin C taken. Ha: There is vitamin C taken. Complete the table of expected counts under the null hypothesis: No Vitamin C 500mg Vitamin C 1000mg Vitamin C No Vitamin C 500mg Vitamin C 1000mg Vitamin C At least one cold 33.194 an association between the incidence of colds and the amount of an association between the incidence of colds and the amount of 17.613 12.194…You want to compare males and females in their use of coping strategies when engaged in conflict in relationships. You send surveys to couples obtained from marriage license application at the county clerk's office. You identify several distinct coping strategies on the survey and have the respondents rate their use of each strategy on a 7-point scale. You then compare scores that come from the two members of each relationship. If testing hypotheses about the effects of gender on use of coping strategies, it would be most appropriate to calculate a ... 1) independent-samples t 2) one sample t 3) paired samples t 4) z test
- Based on a graph below which of the following statement describes the best types of associations between Factors A, C, and D and the Disease: (choose one best answer) Factor Factor C Disease Factor A O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D and neither sufficient not necessary. O Factors A, C and D are neither sufficient nor necessary. O Factor A is necessary but not sufficient, while Factors C and D are necessary but not sufficient. O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D are neither sufficient not necessary.An apartment management company wants to explore the consequences of allowing residents to have multiple dogs. They would like to find out whether the number of dogs predicts resident ratings. They would also like to control for the year the apartment complex was built because thaty might also affect the resident rating. They have collected data on several of their existing complexes. For each complex, they have counted the number of dogs currently living in the complex, the year the complex was built, and the average rating for that particular complex. They would like to perform a multiple regression on these variables to predict resident ratings. See data below. These data are the same as the previous question. Multiple Dog Consequences Number of dogs Year of facility Rating (out of 5) 54 1975 2 31 1964 3.5 0 2015 4.8 11 2011 3.8 73 1964 2.3 23 2016 3.7 0 2015 4.7 49 1989 2.7 What is the b coefficient for Number of Dogs? Round to 3 decimal places.Exercise is known to produce positive psychological effects. Interestingly, not all exercise is equally effective. It turns out that exercising in a natural environment (e.g., jogging in the woods) produces better psychological outcomes than exercising in urban environments or in homes (Mackay & Neill, 2010). Suppose that a sports psychologist is interested in testing whether there is a difference between exercise in nature and exercise in the lab with respect to post-exercise anxiety levels. The researcher recruits n 5 7 participants who exercise in the lab and exercise on a nature trail. The data below represent the anxiety scores that were measured after each exercise session. Treat the data as if the scores are from an independent-measures study using two separate samples, each with n 5 7 participants. Compute the pooled variance, the estimated standard error for the mean difference, and the independent-measures t statistic. Using a 5 .05, is there a significant difference…
- Recent research is exploring ways to use virtual reality (VR) to help people in a variety of ways. In one published study, researchers examined whether VR could help people get over the discomfort they feel after riding rollercoasters. Participants whose lifelong dreams were to ride rollercoasters without feeling noxious were recruited to participate in the research. Some participants were randomly assigned into the control group, where no VR treatment was provided before riding the rollercoaster (instead, they received an encouraging pep talk from the experimenter). The rest of the participants were put in the treatment group, where they first put on a VR headset and experienced a virtual rollercoaster before riding the real thing. After both groups of participants completed the rollercoaster ride, both survey and physiological measures were collected. The subjective and objective measures for each participant were summed to create a discomfort index, which ranges from scores of 1…A researcher is studying the effects of yoga on depression. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: yoga and medication (experimental group); or support group and medication (control group). In this study, the researcher first administers a questionnaire measuring depression to all participants. Then they implement two programs simultaneously: a 6-week yoga program coupled with medication management and a 6-week support group program coupled with medication management. At the end of the 6 weeks, participants complete another questionnaire measuring depression. Finding the change scores from the beginning to end, the researcher then compares the mean change score of the experimental group with the mean change score of the control group. A) What are the independent and dependent variables in this scenario? B) What statistical test would be most appropriate to use in this study? Why? C) Once you have calculated the statistics, how do you know whether the results of the…A pharmaceutical company is testing the effectiveness of its vaccine across two different age brackets. They take a sample and split the participants up into two separate groups. Group A consists of 44 people who are between ages 13 and 18. Group B consists of 58 people between ages 19 and 26. After being administered the vaccine, it was found that 37 people from group A were immune to the virus and 42 people from group B were immune. (this is the same situation from the previous daily) Why do we use the 'pooled proportion' instead of the null hypothesis in the denominator of the test statistic? At a 10% significance level, is there reason to believe there is a difference in vaccine efficacy between Group A and Group B? explain each step
