On the Moon's surface, lunar astronauts placed a corner reflector, off of which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. The Earth's atmosphere slows down light. Assume the distance to the Moon is precisely 3.84 x 108 m, and Earth's atmosphere (which varies in density with altitude) is equivalent to a layer 30.0 km thick with a constant index of refraction n = 1.000293. What is the difference Ar in travel time for light that travels only through space to the moon and back and light that travels through the atmosphere and space? At = 3.909 x10-8 Incorrect S
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- We would like to design an optical fiber used in vacuum and require that the transmitted light inside the optical fiber will not refract out when it hits the boundary at an angle of incidence θ > 64.2°. What is the minimum index of refraction of the material we should use?Fiber optic cables, such as those used for high-speed communication (Internet & phone services), transmit signals as light pulses through transparent cables. When viewed from one of the ends, you can see these light pulses, but when viewed from the side you can't. Using your knowledge about reflection and refraction, explain how this might work. Is there some physical limitation where this might not work?