X rays are typically used to kill off cancer cells, however an issue some radiologists run into is the damage an x-ray may do to surrounding tissue. Because of this, accuracy plays a key role in radiation therapy. Suppose you are a medical physicist, and you have been given the task of choosing a medium with a proper index of refraction to bend the x rays such that they only hit the tumor. Suppose you know that the x ray comes in at an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the normal of your second medium. You know the tumor expands out to 5 degrees on either side of the normal what is the minimum index of refraction needed for the x ray to hit the tumor

Q: hat is the energy of a photon, in the unit of J, when the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is…

A: Energy = hf where h is plank constant.

Q: A light ray in air is incident on a glass surface at an angle of 30° from the normal. If the angle…

A: Given data:  A light ray goes from air into glass  The angle of Incidence (i) = 30° The angle of…

Q: A laser beam is directed toward the surface of a block of flint glass at an angle of 49.0° with…

A:

Q: Light passes from air into ice with part of the ray reflected and part refracted. The reflected and…

A:

Q: A beam of light is directed toward the surface of a block of fused quartz at an angle of 28.0° with…

A:

Q: A portable x-ray unit has a step-up transformer. The 120 V input is transformed to the 100 kV output…

A: V1 = 120 V V2 = 100 kV = 10^5 V I1 = 19.7 A N1 = 34

Q: Assume that you want to bounce a laser beam off the Moon. Assume the laser beam is TEM9,0 and that…

A: Since, you have uploaded a question with multiple subparts, we will solve first three subparts (a,…

Q: A ray of light is incident on a glass of refractive index 1.5. The angle between the reflected and…

A: To find- Ratio of wavelength of reflected rays to wavelength of refracted rays=? Given- R.I. of…

Q: A ray of light is incident on the surface of a block of zircon at an angle of 31.0° with respect to…

A: The expression of Snell’s law of refraction: Here, ni is the incident index, nr is the refracted…

Q: The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 3 m, and its frequency is 108 Hz. What is the index of…

A: The Refractive index is a dimensionless number that indicates how much a light ray bend in a…

Q: The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in a medium is called the…

A: We have tell about ratio of velocity of light in vacuum to the velocity of light in a medium.

Q: A parallel beam of light in air makes an angle of 45.7◦ with the surface of a glass plate having a…

A:

Q: 1.00-m2 solar panel on a satellite that keeps the panel oriented perpendicular to radiation arriving…

A: How long would it take an identical panel that is also oriented perpendicular to the incoming…

Q: The human body has a surface area of approximately 1.8 m2, a surface temperature of approximately…

A: Given: The area A = 1.8 m2. The temperature T = 30 0C =303 K. Emissivity e = 0.97.

Q: € blem 9: Two mirrors are held at an angle of y- 130 degrees with respect to one another. A ray of…

A: The angle between the mirrors, ψ=130° The angle of incidence in the first mirror= θ The angle of…

Q: The motion of a body is described by the equation  4.45 sin (0.490πt) where t is in s and y is in m.…

A: The given equation (y),

Q: A typical medical X-ray has a frequency of 1.50 * 1019 Hz.What is the wavelength of such an X-ray?

A:

Q: Imagine a satellite located at a distance from the Sun of D = 151.1 × 10³ m. The satellite has a…

A:

Q: 44.06522=9.53(0.23+0.0045(T-293.15))   Solve for T temp

A: Given question is simple math calculation for finding T(temperature).

Q: Light with a wavelength of 571 nm is in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. What is…

A: Given  Wavelength ( λ ) = 571 nm  We know  ,  1 nm = 10-9 m  1 m = 100 cm    Wavelength ( λ ) = 571…

Q: A ray of light is directed toward the surface of a block of fused quartz at an angle of 29.0° with…

A: Solution:-Given thatincidence angle (θi)=29°Block material-Fused Quartzrefractive index of air…

Q: A light ray traveling in air strikes the surface of a slab of glass at an angle of incidence of 50°.…

A:

Q: A light ray passing through air, strikes a glass surface at an angle of 50° from the normal surface.…

A:

Q: parallel-sided plate of glass having a refractive index of 1.58 is in contact with the surface of…

A: refractive index of glass (n)= 1.58 angle of incidence (i) = 30.8orefractive index of water (n') =…

Q: A special black material absorbs all light incident upon it. An intense laser beam shines straight…

A: Given data, Area of the object = 1 m2 Mass of the object = 1 kg Acceleration of the object = 2g = 20…

Q: Two girls with two-way radios are at the intersection of two country roads that meet at a 105° angle…

A: velocity of both the girls = 5 mi/ h Angle between them = 105 degree  Let the resultant velocity is…

Q: Homework 11, Problem 7

A: Part (a)Recall that the index of refraction of a medium is expressed by:n=vc​=tL​c​=Lct​Where c is…

Q: Incident Angle 0₁ (degrees) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Laser and Refraction Cell Data Sin (0₁) 0…

A: θiθrSin θisin…

Q: Two plane mirrors are facing each other. They are parallel, 2 cm apart, and 24 cm in length, as the…

A: Given two plane mirrors are facing each other the are parallel 2cm and 24cm length. We have to find…

Q: Consider a layer of Oil, Glass, and Air where the oil/glass boundary is parallel to the glass/air…

A: The critical angle is the angle at which light gets refracted by 90°. Given that the index of…

Q: A beam of light is directed toward the surface of a block of zircon at an angle of 29.0° with…

A: Given: The angle of incidence is,

Q: Problem 4:   Consider the 100-MHz radio waves used in an MRI device.   Part (a)  What is the…

A:

Q: Photons with a wavelength of 549 nm in air enter a plate of flint glass with index of refraction n =…

A: Given Wavelength of the photons in air is given as λ=549 nm=549×10-9 m Index of refraction of flint…

Q: A perfectly reflecting thin square mirror 3 m on a side faces the Sun at about Earth's distance from…

A:

Q: In acquiring a sequential CT image, the combination of X-ray tube and detector rotates as one unit…

A: a.) The number of projections needed for the data = 1800 Total angle covered = 360o Angle covered by…

Q: A 1.00-m² solar panel on a satellite that keeps the panel oriented perpendicular to radiation…

A:

Q: A 0.146-A current is charging a capacitor that has square plates 4.60 cm on each side. The plate…

A: charging current = 0.146 A side of square plate = 4.60 cm plate separation = 4 mm

Q: After passing through an analyzer, a beam of polarized light has an intensity of 1/10 of its initial…

A: Let the initial intensity of the beam is I0 and the intensity of the beam after polarization is I.…

Q: Edward and Calil do some experiments to determine the speed of light in a special transparent…

A:

Refraction of Light

Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.

Angle of Refraction

Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.

Index of Refraction of Diamond

Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.