On the basis of the three individual demand schedules in the following table, and assuming these are the only three people in the society, determine (a) the market demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a private good and (b) the collective demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a public good. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. Individual 1 Individual 2 Individual 3 (a) Private Demand (b) Public Demand Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd $16 0 $16 1 $16 0 $16 1 14 0 14 2 s 14 0 14 2 12 0 12 10 1 10 8 2 8 6 3 6 4 4 4 2 5 2 345678 12 1 12 3 10 2 10 4 8+ 3 8 5 6 4 6 6 4 5 4 7 2 6 2 8
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- Externalities - Definition and examples An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a ___________ externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good.On the basis of the three Individual demand schedules below, and assuming these three people are the only ones in the society, determine (a) the market demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a private good and (b) the collective demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a public good Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers (in the gray-shaded cells). Individual #1 Individual #2 Individual #3 (a) Private Demand (b) Public Demand Od Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Price Qd Price $8 $8 $8 $8 1 1 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 3 6 6 6 3 6 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 83:18 Edit X 50 REE 324 - ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS Review Exercise on Market Equilibrium, Market Failure, Externalities and Elasticities 1. Economics of Education. The issue of education is quite critical. The demand for education by society is high. On the other hand, it is demanded that the schools only charge low tuition fees since schools serve a social function. Thus, more often than not, tuition fee ceilings are imposed to assure students of lower prices for this "commodity". Two common solutions are proposed to address the likely problem of excess demand for educational services (ES) in the event of a tuition fee ceiling is imposition: (i) operation of public schools (e.g., free public high school); (ii) government subsidy to private education. where: Find the solutions to the problems below: D=demand for educational services S = supply of educational services Suppose we let: S: TF or P = 1 + 0.5 Q D: TF or P = 15-2Q TF or P = tuition fee or price of education ('000 pesos)…
- 19. This next question will require you to draw on what you have learned about supply and demand and taxes. A study finds that leaf blowers make too much noise; therefore it is considered a externality, so the government imposes a $10 tax on the sale of every unit to correct for the social cost of the noise pollution. The tax completely internalizes the externality. Before the corrective tax, Leaves are Us Manufacturing regularly sold blowers for $100 and market quantity is 300. Draw the supply and demand curve for leaf blowers. Label the axes, the curves, market price, market quantity, and equilibrium. Which curve represents private or internal costs? represents external and private costs? This is also known as What is the private market price? What is the private market quantity? Which curve costs. After the tax is in place, the consumer price of leaf blowers rises to $105. With this change in price, the number of leaf blowers will (decrease/increase). Why will this happen?Figure 5-4Suppose there are several paper mills producing paper for a market. These mills, located upstream from a fishing village, discharge a large amount of wastewater into the river. The waste material affects the number of fish in the river and the use of the river for recreation and as a public water supply source. Figure 5-4 shows the paper market. Use this Figure to answer the following question(s).Refer to Figure 5-4. What does S1 represent? Question 4 options: A) the market supply curve that reflects social cost B) the market supply curve that reflects only external cost C) the market supply curve that reflects only private benefit D) the market supply curve that reflects private costAcres Willingness to Pay (Dollars) Sophia Amber Cedric 10 24 6. 8 18 3. 14 4 3 8. 3. 5. 1 6. 4 1 Consider the town of Springfield with only three residents: Sophia, Amber, and Cedric. The three residents are trying to determine how large, in acres, they should build the public park. The following table shows each residents' willingness to pay for each acre of the park. Suppose the cost to build the park is $24 per acre. How many acres should the park be to maximize total surplus from the park in Springfield? O 4 acres О З асгes O 1 acre O 2 acres
- Categorize each of the following five goods as a Private Good, Common Good, Club Good, or Public Good. Descriptions of each good will serve as hints. Remember, our textbook outlines only two types of goods, see the notes and lecture video for the other two types. a) An NPR (radio) signal - which is available to everyone with a radio, whether or not they contribute, the signal does not diminish no matter how many people tune in. [Select] b) A new Ford truck this can only be purchased by one person, you can not drive it off the lot without paying for it. [Select] c) A subscription to Disney+ - you can not have a subscription without paying for it, purchasing a subscription does not lower the total number of subscriptions available. [ Select] d) A fireworks show on the 4th of July - the fireworks are visible to everyone in the town, whether or not they contributed anything to the display, one person viewing the fireworks does not make them less visible for anyone else. [Select] e) A…8. Q Explain what is meant by the term “market failure" by giving two major types of such failures. A (Market failure) is a situation where the competitive market system on its own would either (1) produce the "wrong" amount of certain goods and services as is the case where there are external costs or benefits (i.e., externalities), or (2) fail to allocate any resources to the production of certain goods and services referred to as "( public goods )". 9. ) Refer to the question 8 above and explain the reasons behind each type of failure. Where negative externalities exist, the market system without any intervention will allow some of the costs of private production or consumption to "spill over" onto third parties. There is no market incentive to absorb all of the costs of production if there is a way to get someone else to pay for them. • In such cases of negative externalities, the market cost and price of the product will be too (low high) and thus the quantity produced too ( low ,…Question 1 of 20 Attempt 2 Monopolies exist because of barriers to entry, obstacles that prevent other firms from entering an industry and competing for market share. For each case, indicate which barrier to entry applies. a. Coca-Cola's vast market share in the soft drink market: Network externalities Brand loyalty Control of a resource Legal barrier b. China's control of the market for rare earths (a group of minerals used to produce electronics): Economies of scale Network externalities Control of a resource Brand loyalty O Legal barrier
- Are the following statements TRUE OR FALSE? Explain in detail. (a) At the equilibrium people are willing to pay different prices for private goods and are willing to consume the same quantity. True or False? (b) Externality correcting Pigovian taxes should always be preferred to Pigovian subsidies. After all why should we subsidize the polluter? True or False? (c) Arrow’s impossibility theorem states that “even if some individuals have multi-peaked preferences there exists a voting mechanism which never creates a voting paradox” True or False (d) Pigovian taxes and Pigovian subsidies both result in Pareto efficient level of production of externality creating aoutput but will have different distributional implicationsUse the following classification to determine which category each of the following goods falls into.... Please provide steps by step answer with proper explanation with final answer.....a. On the basis of the three individual demand schedules below, and assuming these three people are the only ones in the society. determine the collective demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a public good. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. Individual 2 Individual 3 Demand for Public Good Individual 1 Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price $16 $16 $16 1. 14 2. 14 2. 14 3. 12 3. 3. 12 3 12 10 4. 10 10 8. 6. 6. 6. 7. 7. 4. 4. 8. 8. 2. 8. 2. 2 b. Use the public demand schedule above and the following supply schedule to ascertain the optimal quantity of this public good. 10 Optimal quantity 56740