Numerical differentiation: Consider a smooth function f(r). The central difference approxima- tion to the first derivative for small h> 0 is Def(x) while f'(x) = Def(x) + Ch² for some constant C that depends on f". Discarding the error term we have f'(a) Def(x). Similarly we define the forward difference approximation to the first derivative for small à as f(a+h)-f(x-h) 2h Djf(x)= and the backward difference approximation 1. P f(r+h)-f(r) h Dbf(x)= with truncation error of O(h). There is a general numerical procedure to determine the order of accuracy of the approximation (i.e. the exponent p in the error formula ChP): We consider a problem with known solution. In our case we consider a given function f(r) and values h = h₁, h₂, hn with h4+1

Numerical differentiation: Consider a smooth function f(r). The central difference approxima- tion to the first derivative for small h> 0 is Def(x) while f'(x) = Def(x) + Ch² for some constant C that depends on f". Discarding the error term we have f'(a) Def(x). Similarly we define the forward difference approximation to the first derivative for small à as f(a+h)-f(x-h) 2h Djf(x)= and the backward difference approximation 1. P f(r+h)-f(r) h Dbf(x)= with truncation error of O(h). There is a general numerical procedure to determine the order of accuracy of the approximation (i.e. the exponent p in the error formula ChP): We consider a problem with known solution. In our case we consider a given function f(r) and values h = h₁, h₂, hn with h4+1

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

7th Edition

ISBN:9780133594140

Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

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can u please send screenshot of code for the alignement/ indentation thank you
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