### Molecular Geometry and VSEPR TheoryThe table below illustrates the application of Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory to predict the geometry of a molecule based on its Lewis structure. For example, the methane molecule (CH₄) is analyzed as follows:#### CH₄ (Methane)- **Molecule or Molecular Ion:** CH₄- **Lewis Structure:** - The central carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms. - Electron dot diagram for CH₄ is: ``` H | H - C - H | H ```- **Valence Shell Electron Pairs:** 4- **Bonding Electron Pairs:** 4- **Nonbonding Electron Pairs:** 0- **VSEPR Formula:** AX₄- **Approx. Bond Angle:** 109.5°- **Geometric Shape:** Tetrahedral#### Assignment ExerciseComplete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions. For molecules or molecular ions with two or more atoms considered as central atoms, consider each atom separately in the analysis according to Table D3.3. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor.- g. COCl₂- j. O₃- k. NO₃⁻### Notes1. When building Lewis structures, ensure that the correct number of valence electrons is represented, and that the octet rule is followed where applicable.2. Use VSEPR theory to determine the shape of the molecule by considering bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom.3. The VSEPR formula notation specifies the number of bonding pairs (X) and lone pairs (E) around the central atom. For example, AX₄ indicates four bonding pairs and no lone pairs.4. The approximate bond angles are critical in determining the molecular shape, leading to the prediction of whether the shape is linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, etc.By following this methodology, you can predict the shapes and angles of other molecules and molecular ions, aiding in the understanding of their chemical behavior and interactions. ## Table D3.3 VSEPR and Geometric Shapes of Molecules and Molecular Ions#### Overview:This table presents valuable information on the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which helps predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. Each entry in the table specifies the number of bonding and nonbonding electron pairs, the corresponding VSEPR formula, the three-dimensional structure, bond angles, geometric shapes, and examples of the molecules.### Table Columns and Description:1. **Valence Shell Electron Pairs:** - This column lists the total number of electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom.2. **Bonding Electron Pairs:** - The number of electron pairs involved in bonding with adjacent atoms.3. **Nonbonding Electron Pairs:** - The number of lone electron pairs on the central atom.4. **VSEPR Formula:** - A notation representing the number of bonding and nonbonding pairs. (A: Central atom, X: Bonded atoms, E: Lone pairs)5. **Three-Dimensional Structure:** - Diagrams illustrating the spatial arrangement of atoms and electron pairs around the central atom.6. **Bond Angle:** - The angle between the bonding pairs of electrons.7. **Geometric Shape:** - The geometry described based on the arrangement of bonding pairs and lone pairs around the central atom.8. **Examples:** - Examples of molecules or ions that exhibit the corresponding geometric shapes.### Detailed Breakdown:| Valence Shell Electron Pairs | Bonding Electron Pairs | Nonbonding Electron Pairs | VSEPR Formula | Three-Dimensional Structure | Bond Angle | Geometric Shape | Examples ||------------------------------|------------------------|---------------------------|---------------|-----------------------------|------------|-----------------------|----------------------|| 2 | 2 | 0 | AX₂ | ::A:: | 180° | Linear | HgCl₂, BeCl₂ || 3 | 3 | 0 | AX₃ | ::A:: | 120° | Planar triangular | BF₃, In(CH₃)₃ || 3 | 2 | 1 | AX₂E |

Lewis structures are representations of molecules that include all the electron pairs i.e. bonding…

Nonbonding Electron Valence Shell Bonding Electron Аpprox. Bond Molecule or Lewis Electron VSEPR Geometric Molecular Ion Structure Pairs Pairs Pairs Formula Angle Shape 1. CH4 4 4 AX, 109.5° tetrahedral H H:C:H H 4. Complete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions. For molecules or molecular ion with two or more atoms considered as central atoms, consider each atom separately in the analysis according to Tabl D3.3. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor. g. COCI, j. O3 k. NO3

Nonbonding Electron Valence Shell Bonding Electron Аpprox. Bond Molecule or Lewis Electron VSEPR Geometric Molecular Ion Structure Pairs Pairs Pairs Formula Angle Shape 1. CH4 4 4 AX, 109.5° tetrahedral H H:C:H H 4. Complete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions. For molecules or molecular ion with two or more atoms considered as central atoms, consider each atom separately in the analysis according to Tabl D3.3. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor. g. COCI, j. O3 k. NO3

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Valence Shell Bonding Nonbonding Approx. Bond Molecule or Lewis Electron Electron Electron VSEPR Geometric Molecular Ion Structure Pairs Pairs Pairs Formula Angle Shape 1. CH4 H 4 4 AX4 109.5° tetrahedral H:C:H H 1. Complete the table (as outlined above) for the following molecules/molecular ions, all of which obey the Lewis octet rule. Complete those that are assigned by your laboratory instructor. d. CH3¯ е. SnH, f. BF
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Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. Please note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry. 3- A. The Lewis diagram for PO4³- is: :0: B. The Lewis diagram for NO3" is: :0: 3- The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO4³- is Submit Answer There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of PO4³- is 3- 3- :0: Recall that for predicting geometry, double and triple bonds count as only one electron pair. The electron-pair geometry around the N atom in NO3 is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of NO3™ is Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining
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To draw a Lewis dot structure for a covalent compound begin by calculating A, the available electrons, and N the needed electrons
Chem
Please answer the question below in DETAIL.
A. The Lewis diagram for CIO₂ is: :0-CI-Ö: The electron-pair geometry around the CI atom in CIO₂™ is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of CIO₂™ is B. The Lewis diagram for PCI4+ is: :CI: | :CI-P-CI: I CIF The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PCI4+ is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of PCI4+ is