States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
NO2 N2O4
Step 1 – determine how many atoms of each kind are present on each side of the equation
|
Reactant side |
Product side |
|
|
N |
||
|
O |
Step 2 – use coefficients to balance the atoms
NO2 N2O4
|
Reactant side |
Product side |
|
|
N |
||
|
O |
Step 3 – repeat the step if necessary and make sure equation is balanced
NO2 N2O4
|
Reactant side |
Product side |
|
|
N |
||
|
O |
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