Nitrogen product Atmospheric- pressure column Oxygen product Reflux condenser- boiler Liquid oxygen Air feed Liquid nitrogen 4 to 5 atm column Throttle valve ]]]] ]]]]]
O2 and N2 are obtained by distillation of air using the Linde doublecolumn, shown in Figure .The boiler of the upper column is also the reflux condenser for both columns. Gaseous air plus enough liquid to compensate for heat leak into the column enters the exchanger at the base of the lower column and condenses, giving up heat to the boiling liquid and thus supplying the column vapor flow. The liquid air enters an intermediate point in this column. The rising vapors are partially condensed to form the reflux, and the uncondensed vapor passes to an outer row
of tubes and is totally condensed, the liquid nitrogen collecting. operating this column at 4 to 5 atm, the liquid oxygen boiling at 1 atm is cold enough to condense pure nitrogen. The liquid in the bottom of the lower column contains about 45 mol% O2 and forms the feed for the upper column. This
double column can produce very pure O2 with high O2 recovery, and relatively pure N2. On a single McCabe–Thiele diagram—using equilibrium lines, operating lines, q-lines, a 45o line, stepped-off stages, and other illustrative aids—show qualitatively how stage requirements can be computed.
![Nitrogen
product
Atmospheric-
pressure column
Oxygen
product
Reflux
condenser-
boiler
Liquid
oxygen
Air feed
Liquid
nitrogen
4 to 5 atm
column
Throttle valve
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