Не 2372 Ne 2081 н 1312 1681 1402 1314 Be 899 Ar 1521 1086 CI 1251 801 Li 520 Mg 738 1012 1000 Kr 1351 Na 496 Br 1140 786 As 947 Se 941 Zn 906 746 Cd * 868 578 Co Fe 760 Ni Sc Ti Ca Cr 653 717 763 Xe 1170 659 K 590 633 651 419 Rh 720 Pd 804 Ru 710 Te Sb 834 Nb Mo 684 Zr Te 702 Os 840 1008 Sr Sn 709 869 652 640 Rb 549 600 Rn 1037 Ir 880 Pt 870 Au 890 403 Ta 761 1007 558 Re 760 Hf 659 Po 812 Lu 770 Pb 716 Ba Bi 703 Cs 376 TI 589 503 524 1A 2A ЗА 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A Increasing ionization energy A Figure 7.10 The first ionization energies of the elements in kJ/mol. Increasing ionization energy Ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1A 8A н -73 Не 2A 6A 7A ЗА 5A B Ne Li Be -27 -122 >0 -141-328 >0 -60 Na Mg |-53 >0 Al CI Si Ar -43 -134 -72 -200 -349 >0 K -48 Ca -2 As Se -30 -119 -78 -195-325 >0 Ga Ge Br Kr Sr -5 Rb In Sn Sb Te Xe -30 -107-103–190 -295 >0 -7 A Figure 7.12 Electron affinity in kJ/mol for selected s- and p-block elements.
Electron Affinity
When an element undergoes a chemical reaction, it either gains energy or loses energy. This gain or loss of energy is due to the phenomena that occur at atomic level. During reaction, atoms either gain electrons from other atoms or lose electrons to other atoms, and in that process, energy is produced.
P-Block Elements
Elements which are present on the right side of the periodic table are called p-block elements. In addition to the noble gases, they include the families of boron, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. These elements have diverse real-life implementations that we regularly experience around us.
Metals and Non-metals
The periodic table is composed of metals, semi-metals and nonmetal elements. The physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals differ from each other. The study of metals and nonmetals will help one to understand the appropriate application of the particular element.
Potassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compound
potassium hydride. (a) Write a balanced equation for this
reaction. (b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determine
the energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:
K(g) + H(g) ----> K+(g) + H-(g)
K(g) + H(g) ------>K-(g) + H+(g)
(c) Based on your calculated energy changes in (b), which of
these reactions is energetically more favorable (or less unfavorable)?
(d) Is your answer to (c) consistent with the description
of potassium hydride as containing hydride ions?
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