Use the data found in the appendix to determine the values for the O-Cl and the O-F bond energies. (heats of formation of OF2 and OCl2 are 24.7 and 80.37 kJ/mol, respectively)
Use the data found in the appendix to determine the values for the O-Cl and the O-F bond energies. (heats of formation of OF2 and OCl2 are 24.7 and 80.37 kJ/mol, respectively)
Chemistry: Matter and Change
1st Edition
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Chapter15: Energy And Chemical Change
Section15.3: Thermonuclear Equations
Problem 24PP
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The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
Question
Use the data found in the appendix to determine the values for the O-Cl and the O-F bond energies. (heats of formation of OF2 and OCl2 are 24.7 and 80.37 kJ/mol, respectively)
Transcribed Image Text:Substance AH kJ/mol AG kJ/mol S° J/mol.K
Iron:
Fe(s)
FeO (s)
Fe₂O3(s)
Fe3O4(s)
Lead:
Pb(s)
Pb²+ (aq)
PbBr₂ (s)
PbCl₂ (s)
PbO(s)
Magnesium
Mg(s)
MgO(s)
MgCl₂ (s)
Nitrogen:
Oxygen:
O2(g)
O(g)
03(g)
P4(s)
P(g)
PC13 (9)
PC13 (1)
N₂(g)
N(g)
NH3(g)
NH3(aq)
-80.29
NH4Cl(s) -314.4
NH4NO3(s) -365.5
NO(g)
90.29
NO2(g)
33.84
N₂O4(9)
9.66
PH3(g)
P4010(s)
0
POC13 (9)
POC13 (1)
H3PO4 (aq)
-271.9
-824.2
-1117.1
Potassium
0
1.6
-277.4
-359
-219.0
0
-601.7
-641.6
Phosphorus:
0
472.704
-46.11
0
249.17
143
0
316.4
-288.07
-319.6
5.4
-1640.1
-542.2
-597.0
-1288.3
0
K(s)
KCl(s)
-436.7
KClO3(s) -397.7
0
-255.2
-742.2
-1014.2
0
-24.3
-260.7
-314
-189.2
0
-569.4
-592.1
0
455.5
-16.5
-26.57
-203.0
-184.0
86.60
51.84
98.28
0
231.75
163
0
280.0
-269.6
-272.4
13.4
-502.5
-520.9
-1142.6
0
-409.2
-296.3
27.3
60.75
87.40
146.4
68.85
21
161
136
66.5
32.69
26.94
89.6
191.5
153.19
192.3
111.3
94.6
151.1
210.65
240.45
304.3
205.03
160.95
238.82
41.08
163.2
311.7
217
210.2
325
222
158.2
64.67
82.59
143.1
Substance
Silicon:
Si(s)
Si(g)
SiO₂ (s)
SiH4 (9)
Silver:
Ag(s)
Ag¹+ (aq)
AgCl(s)
Ag₂O(s)
Ag2S (s)
Sodium:
Na(s)
Na¹ + (aq)
NaCl(s)
Sulfur:
S(s, rhombic)
SO₂(g)
SO3(g)
S2(g)
H₂S (g)
H₂SO4 (1)
H₂SO4 (aq)
Tin:
Sn(s)
SnO(s)
SnO₂ (s)
SnCl4 (1)
SnCl4 (9)
Titanium:
Ti(s)
Ti(g)
TiO₂ (s)
TiCl4 (1)
TiCl4 (9)
Zinc:
Zn(s)
ZnO(s)
ZnCl₂ (s)
AH kJ/mol AG kJ/mol
0
368.2
-910.94
34
0
105.90
-127.0
-31.05
-32.6
0
-240.1
-411.1
0
- 296.83
-395.72
129
-20.6
-813.989
-909.3
0
-286
-580.7
-545.2
-471.5
0
468
-944.7
-804.2
-763.2
0
-348.0
-415.1
0
323.9
-856.67
56.9
0
77.11
-109.70
-11.20
-40.7
0
-261.9
-384.0
0
-300.19
-371.1
79.30
-33.6
-690.101
-744.6
0
-257
-519.7
-474.0
-432.2
0
422
-889.5
-737.2
-726.8
0
-318.2
-369.4
Sº J/mol K
18.7
167.8
41.84
204.5
42.55
73.93
96.11
121.3
144.0
51.45
59.0
72.12
31.8
248.1
256.6
228.2
205.7
156.90
20.08
51.2
56.5
52.3
259
366
30.6
180.3
50.3
252.3
354
41.6
43.6
111.5
Transcribed Image Text:Substance
Aluminum:
Al(s)
AlCl3(s)
Al2O3(s)
Barium:
Ba(s)
Ba²+ (aq)
BaCO3(s)
Boron:
B(s)
BF3 (9)
Bromine:
Br₂ (1)
Br₂(g)
Br(g)
Br¹- (aq)
HBr (g)
Calcium:
CaO(s)
Ca(OH)2 (s)
CaCO3(s)
Carbon:
CC14 (9)
CC14 (1)
HCN (g)
CH4 (9)
CS₂ (g)
CS₂ (1)
C₂H₂(g)
AH kJ/mol AG kJ/mol
C₂H₁ (9)
C₂H6 (9)
0
-704.2
-1676
0
-538.36
-1219
0
-1137.0
0
30.91
111.9
-120.9
-36
C(s, graphite) 0
C(s, diamond) 1.987
C(g)
716.681
CO(g)
-110.52
CO₂(g)
-393.51
CO2(aq)
-412.9
-103
-135.4
-635.1
-986.09
-1206.9
135
-74.9
117.4
89.70
226.7
52.28
-84.67
0
-628.8
-1582
0
-560.7
-1139
0
-1120.3
0
3.13
82.40
-102.8
-53.5
-603.5
-1128.8
0
2.900
671.289
-137.15
-394.36
-386.2
-53.7
-68.6
125
-50.6
67.15
65.27
209.2
68.12
-32.89
Sº J/mol K
28.3
110.7
50.92
28.3
13
112
5.86
254.12
152.23
245.38
174.90
80.71
198.59
38.2
92.9
5.740
2.38
157.987
197.56
213.6
121
309.7
216.4
201.7
186.15
237.7
151.3
200.8
219.5
229.5
Substance
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(1)
C₂H5OH (9)
C₂H5OH (1)
CH3COOH (1)
CH3CHO(g)
C4H10 (9)
C4H10 (1)
C6H6 (9)
C6H6 (1)
C8H18 (1)
Chlorine:
Cl₂ (g)
Cl(g)
Cl¹- (aq)
HCl(g)
HCl(aq)
Chromium:
Cr₂O3(s)
(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)
Copper:
Cu(s)
CuO(s)
CuSO4(s)
Cu₂S(s)
Fluorine:
F₂(g)
F(g)
F¹-(aq)
HF (g)
Hydrogen:
H₂(g)
H(g)
H¹+ (aq)
H₂O(l)
H₂O(g)
Iodine:
I₂ (s)
I₂ (g)
I(g)
HI(₂)
AH kJ/mol
-201.2
-237.6
-235.1
-277.7
-484.5
-166
-124.73
-147.6
82.927
49.028
-226
0
121.7
-167.2
-92.30
-167.2
-1138
-1807
0
-157
-771.36
-79.5
0
78.99
-332.6
-271
0
217.97
0
-285.83
-241.82
0
62.438
106.84
26.5
AG kJ/mol S° J/mol K
-161.9
-166.23
-168.6
-174.76
-390
-133.7
-15.71
-15.0
129.66
124.50
0
105.7
-131.2
-95.31
-131.2
-1059
0
-128
-661.9
-86.2
0
61.92
-278.8
-273
0
203.26
0
-237.2
-228.59
0
19.36
70.283
1 71
237.6
126.8
282.6
160.7
160
266
310.0
231.0
269.2
172.8
223.0
165.2
56.5
186.80
56.5
81.2
33.15
42.63
110
120.5
202.7
158.64
-13.8
173.67
130.57
114.60
0
69.91
188.7
116.14
260.6
180.68
206 18
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