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NaOH (i). Br NaH (). of

NaOH (i). Br NaH (). of

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Reaction Schemes The image features two chemical reaction schemes, labeled (i) and (j). #### Reaction (i): - **Reactant:** - A 2-chloropropane molecule is shown on the left. This is an alkyl chloride with the structure CH₃CH(Cl)CH₃, where the chlorine atom is bonded to the second carbon atom in a three-carbon chain. - **Reagent:** - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is indicated above the reaction arrow, implying a potential nucleophilic substitution or elimination reaction. #### Reaction (j): - **Reactant:** - The structure is a benzyl bromide, C₆H₅CH₂Br, shown as a benzene ring (a hexagon with alternating double bonds) attached to a bromomethyl group. - **Reagent:** - Sodium hydride (NaH) is indicated above the reaction arrow, suggesting a potential nucleophilic substitution, elimination, or deprotonation reaction. ### Diagram Explanation - Both reactions depict alkyl halides reacting with strong bases, often used in organic synthesis for forming alcohols, alkenes, or deprotonated intermediates. - The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical transformation facilitated by the reagents. These reactions are typical examples in organic chemistry illustrating the conversion of alkyl halides into more reactive or functionalized compounds using basic reagents.
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Schemes The image features two chemical reaction schemes, labeled (i) and (j). #### Reaction (i): - **Reactant:** - A 2-chloropropane molecule is shown on the left. This is an alkyl chloride with the structure CH₃CH(Cl)CH₃, where the chlorine atom is bonded to the second carbon atom in a three-carbon chain. - **Reagent:** - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is indicated above the reaction arrow, implying a potential nucleophilic substitution or elimination reaction. #### Reaction (j): - **Reactant:** - The structure is a benzyl bromide, C₆H₅CH₂Br, shown as a benzene ring (a hexagon with alternating double bonds) attached to a bromomethyl group. - **Reagent:** - Sodium hydride (NaH) is indicated above the reaction arrow, suggesting a potential nucleophilic substitution, elimination, or deprotonation reaction. ### Diagram Explanation - Both reactions depict alkyl halides reacting with strong bases, often used in organic synthesis for forming alcohols, alkenes, or deprotonated intermediates. - The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical transformation facilitated by the reagents. These reactions are typical examples in organic chemistry illustrating the conversion of alkyl halides into more reactive or functionalized compounds using basic reagents.
**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Use:** **Exercise 3: Reaction Classification and Analysis** For this exercise, you need to determine the classification of the electrophilic starting material. The options are primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°). **Steps for Analysis:** 1. **Classify the Electrophilic Material:** - Identify if the starting material is primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom that bears the leaving group. 2. **Determine the Reagent Function:** - Categorize the reagent as one of the following types: - Strong Base/Weak Nucleophile - Strong Base/Strong Nucleophile - Weak Base/Strong Nucleophile - Weak Base/Weak Nucleophile 3. **Draw Product Analysis:** - Consider possible regiospecificity or regioselectivity in the reaction outcomes. - Include stereochemical details wherever applicable. This means you should indicate if the stereochemistry of the molecules affects the products formed. - If no reaction is expected under the conditions provided, write "NO REACTION." 4. **Labeling Products:** - Identify and label the major and minor products, if any. These are determined based on product distribution and stability. **Important Note:** - Regioselectivity refers to the preference of a chemical reaction to yield one structural isomer over others. - Stereochemistry involves the study of different spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules. This detailed examination of reactants and products will enhance your understanding of organic reaction mechanisms, predictability, and the influence of different reagents on the course of reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Use:** **Exercise 3: Reaction Classification and Analysis** For this exercise, you need to determine the classification of the electrophilic starting material. The options are primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°). **Steps for Analysis:** 1. **Classify the Electrophilic Material:** - Identify if the starting material is primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom that bears the leaving group. 2. **Determine the Reagent Function:** - Categorize the reagent as one of the following types: - Strong Base/Weak Nucleophile - Strong Base/Strong Nucleophile - Weak Base/Strong Nucleophile - Weak Base/Weak Nucleophile 3. **Draw Product Analysis:** - Consider possible regiospecificity or regioselectivity in the reaction outcomes. - Include stereochemical details wherever applicable. This means you should indicate if the stereochemistry of the molecules affects the products formed. - If no reaction is expected under the conditions provided, write "NO REACTION." 4. **Labeling Products:** - Identify and label the major and minor products, if any. These are determined based on product distribution and stability. **Important Note:** - Regioselectivity refers to the preference of a chemical reaction to yield one structural isomer over others. - Stereochemistry involves the study of different spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules. This detailed examination of reactants and products will enhance your understanding of organic reaction mechanisms, predictability, and the influence of different reagents on the course of reactions.
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