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2 2 0-S-CH3 Af 0-S-CH₂ OTS CH3NH DMSO F Br DMF Br EtOH CHÍNH DMSO Br for Br ^ -S-CH3 NHCH3 + OTS NHCH3 + F -CH3

2 2 0-S-CH3 Af 0-S-CH₂ OTS CH3NH DMSO F Br DMF Br EtOH CHÍNH DMSO Br for Br ^ -S-CH3 NHCH3 + OTS NHCH3 + F -CH3

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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The image contains two sets of chemical reactions, each with two examples, involving nucleophilic substitution. **First Set:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: Cyclopentyl methyl sulfonate - Reagent: Bromide ion (\( \text{Br}^- \)) in ethanol (\(\text{EtOH}\)) - Products: Cyclopentyl bromide and methyl sulfate 2. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: Cyclopentyl methyl sulfonate - Reagent: Bromide ion (\( \text{Br}^- \)) in dimethylformamide (\(\text{DMF}\)) - Products: Cyclopentyl bromide and methyl sulfate **Second Set:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: Butyl tosylate - Reagent: Methylamine (\(\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\)) in dimethyl sulfoxide (\(\text{DMSO}\)) - Products: Butyl methylammonium tosylate 2. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: Butyl fluoride - Reagent: Methylamine (\(\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\)) in dimethyl sulfoxide (\(\text{DMSO}\)) - Products: Butyl methylammonium fluoride These reactions show the substitution process where a sulfonate or halide group is replaced by a nucleophilic amine or bromide ion, respectively.
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains two sets of chemical reactions, each with two examples, involving nucleophilic substitution. **First Set:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: Cyclopentyl methyl sulfonate - Reagent: Bromide ion (\( \text{Br}^- \)) in ethanol (\(\text{EtOH}\)) - Products: Cyclopentyl bromide and methyl sulfate 2. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: Cyclopentyl methyl sulfonate - Reagent: Bromide ion (\( \text{Br}^- \)) in dimethylformamide (\(\text{DMF}\)) - Products: Cyclopentyl bromide and methyl sulfate **Second Set:** 1. **Reaction 1:** - Reactant: Butyl tosylate - Reagent: Methylamine (\(\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\)) in dimethyl sulfoxide (\(\text{DMSO}\)) - Products: Butyl methylammonium tosylate 2. **Reaction 2:** - Reactant: Butyl fluoride - Reagent: Methylamine (\(\text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2\)) in dimethyl sulfoxide (\(\text{DMSO}\)) - Products: Butyl methylammonium fluoride These reactions show the substitution process where a sulfonate or halide group is replaced by a nucleophilic amine or bromide ion, respectively.
### Substitution Reactions Below are two examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions, commonly encountered in organic chemistry. #### Reaction 1: - **Substrate:** Cyclohexyl iodide - **Nucleophile:** \( \text{Cl}^- \) (chloride ion) - **Solvent:** Methanol (MeOH) - **Product:** Cyclohexyl chloride - **Byproduct:** \( \text{I}^- \) (iodide ion) **Description:** In this reaction, the iodide ion attached to the cyclohexane ring is replaced by a chloride ion, resulting in the formation of cyclohexyl chloride. The solvent, methanol, acts as a medium for the reaction without participating in the chemical transformation itself. #### Reaction 2: - **Substrate:** Cyclohexyl iodide - **Nucleophile:** \( \text{CN}^- \) (cyanide ion) - **Solvent:** Methanol (MeOH) - **Product:** Cyclohexyl cyanide - **Byproduct:** \( \text{I}^- \) (iodide ion) **Description:** Similar to Reaction 1, this involves the substitution of the iodide ion on the cyclohexane ring with a cyanide ion, producing cyclohexyl cyanide. Methanol serves as the solvent. These reactions illustrate the process of a nucleophilic substitution where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group (iodide ion) in an organic compound.
Transcribed Image Text:### Substitution Reactions Below are two examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions, commonly encountered in organic chemistry. #### Reaction 1: - **Substrate:** Cyclohexyl iodide - **Nucleophile:** \( \text{Cl}^- \) (chloride ion) - **Solvent:** Methanol (MeOH) - **Product:** Cyclohexyl chloride - **Byproduct:** \( \text{I}^- \) (iodide ion) **Description:** In this reaction, the iodide ion attached to the cyclohexane ring is replaced by a chloride ion, resulting in the formation of cyclohexyl chloride. The solvent, methanol, acts as a medium for the reaction without participating in the chemical transformation itself. #### Reaction 2: - **Substrate:** Cyclohexyl iodide - **Nucleophile:** \( \text{CN}^- \) (cyanide ion) - **Solvent:** Methanol (MeOH) - **Product:** Cyclohexyl cyanide - **Byproduct:** \( \text{I}^- \) (iodide ion) **Description:** Similar to Reaction 1, this involves the substitution of the iodide ion on the cyclohexane ring with a cyanide ion, producing cyclohexyl cyanide. Methanol serves as the solvent. These reactions illustrate the process of a nucleophilic substitution where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group (iodide ion) in an organic compound.
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