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Determine the structure based on the following spectrum: 100 MS-NW-0938 80 - 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 m/z Relative Intensity 40

Determine the structure based on the following spectrum: 100 MS-NW-0938 80 - 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 m/z Relative Intensity 40

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Determine the Structure Based on the Following Spectrum: #### Description of Graph The presented image is a mass spectrum, which is used in the determination of molecular structures. Below are the detailed descriptions of the axes and components: 1. **Y-Axis**: Represents the “Relative Intensity” in percent (%). - The range goes from 0 to 100. 2. **X-Axis**: Represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). - The range goes from 10 to 100. 3. **Major Peaks**: - The most prominent peak (base peak) is at m/z = 30 with approximately 100% relative intensity. - Other noticeable peaks with lower relative intensities are distributed between m/z = 10 and m/z = 90. 4. **Labeling**: - The spectrum is labeled as “MS-NW-0938” on the left side of the graph near the peak at m/z = 30. #### Interpretation Notes - **Base Peak**: The base peak at m/z = 30 is the most intense and suggests it's the most stable ion fragment. - **Fragmentation Pattern**: The other lower intensity peaks indicate various ionized fragments of the molecular structure in question. Utilizing these details, students and professionals in chemistry can deduce the molecular structure of the compound analyzed by this mass spectrometer. The differences in the m/z values correspond to different fragments, helping elucidate the structure of the parent molecule. This process typically requires comparison with known spectra or further computational analysis to determine the exact molecular structure.
Transcribed Image Text:### Determine the Structure Based on the Following Spectrum: #### Description of Graph The presented image is a mass spectrum, which is used in the determination of molecular structures. Below are the detailed descriptions of the axes and components: 1. **Y-Axis**: Represents the “Relative Intensity” in percent (%). - The range goes from 0 to 100. 2. **X-Axis**: Represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). - The range goes from 10 to 100. 3. **Major Peaks**: - The most prominent peak (base peak) is at m/z = 30 with approximately 100% relative intensity. - Other noticeable peaks with lower relative intensities are distributed between m/z = 10 and m/z = 90. 4. **Labeling**: - The spectrum is labeled as “MS-NW-0938” on the left side of the graph near the peak at m/z = 30. #### Interpretation Notes - **Base Peak**: The base peak at m/z = 30 is the most intense and suggests it's the most stable ion fragment. - **Fragmentation Pattern**: The other lower intensity peaks indicate various ionized fragments of the molecular structure in question. Utilizing these details, students and professionals in chemistry can deduce the molecular structure of the compound analyzed by this mass spectrometer. The differences in the m/z values correspond to different fragments, helping elucidate the structure of the parent molecule. This process typically requires comparison with known spectra or further computational analysis to determine the exact molecular structure.
### Introduction to Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry Organic compounds are categorized based on the functional groups attached to their carbon skeleton. Understanding these functional groups is essential in the study of organic chemistry as they determine the properties and reactivity of molecules. Below are depicted structures of organic molecules with different functional groups: 1. **Ether Group:** - Structure: R-O-R' - Description: The first structure displays an ether functional group, which consists of an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. 2. **Alkane Group:** - Structure: -C-C- - Description: The second structure exemplifies an alkane, a saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds between carbon atoms. 3. **Amine Group:** - Structure: R-NH2 - Description: The third structure shows an amine functional group, which contains a nitrogen atom connected to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. 4. **Alcohol Group:** - Structure: R-OH - Description: The fourth structure represents an alcohol functional group, where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. ### Detailed Diagram Explanation: - Each of the structures is represented as a line-bond diagram, a common way to visualize molecules in organic chemistry. - The circles on the left indicate that each structure represents a separate molecule. - Carbon atoms are implied at each vertex in the zigzag lines, and hydrogen atoms are not explicitly shown but understood to fulfill the tetravalency of carbon. Understanding these functional groups provides a foundation for exploring more complex organic reactions and mechanisms. These fundamental groups will recur in different combinations throughout organic chemistry, influencing molecular behavior and interactions.
Transcribed Image Text:### Introduction to Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry Organic compounds are categorized based on the functional groups attached to their carbon skeleton. Understanding these functional groups is essential in the study of organic chemistry as they determine the properties and reactivity of molecules. Below are depicted structures of organic molecules with different functional groups: 1. **Ether Group:** - Structure: R-O-R' - Description: The first structure displays an ether functional group, which consists of an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. 2. **Alkane Group:** - Structure: -C-C- - Description: The second structure exemplifies an alkane, a saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds between carbon atoms. 3. **Amine Group:** - Structure: R-NH2 - Description: The third structure shows an amine functional group, which contains a nitrogen atom connected to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. 4. **Alcohol Group:** - Structure: R-OH - Description: The fourth structure represents an alcohol functional group, where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. ### Detailed Diagram Explanation: - Each of the structures is represented as a line-bond diagram, a common way to visualize molecules in organic chemistry. - The circles on the left indicate that each structure represents a separate molecule. - Carbon atoms are implied at each vertex in the zigzag lines, and hydrogen atoms are not explicitly shown but understood to fulfill the tetravalency of carbon. Understanding these functional groups provides a foundation for exploring more complex organic reactions and mechanisms. These fundamental groups will recur in different combinations throughout organic chemistry, influencing molecular behavior and interactions.
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