Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Name all the sugars (monomers) incorporated in cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
Monomers
Monomers are simple sugars, when linked together they form complex sugars such as polymers. Glucose is an example of natural monomer, it links together to form cellulose, starch and glycogen.
Cellulose : cellulose is homopolysaccharide, long chain of glucose units, found in plants. Cellulose is water insoluble and keeps the cell walls of plants solid.The monomer of glucose is beta -D- glucose, where the -OH is attached to opposite side of -CH2OH group. Repeated units of glucose when linked together forms the structure of cellulose. In cellulose glucose units are connected by "beta acetal linkage."
Starch: Starch is a type of carbohydrate, a homopolysaccharide, found in rice, bread and potatoes. The monomer of starch is alpha glucose. Starch made up of amylose(water soluble) and amylopectin (water insoluble) and both are polymers of glucose. Starch occurs in two forms such as straight chain and branched form. Amylose is straight form of starch that comprise 15 -20 % of starch and amylopectin is a branched form of starch that comprise 80 -85 % of starch, respectively. Amylose is straight chain and linked by alpha 1,4-glycosidic bond, while amylopectin is branched form linked alpha 1,6 -glycosidic bond.
Glycogen: Glycogen is a homopolysaccharide, which is found in animals. Glycogen is stored in liver and muscles. It is similar to amylopectin in structure but contains more branches than amylopectin. The monomer of glycogen is alpha glucose, in which the -OH is attached to the same side of -CH2OH group.
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