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- 4. Investigators are trying to determine if the contamination of a town well led to significant increases in adverse health effects. During the period of time when water was consumed from this contaminated well, there were 16 birth defects among 414 births. After this well was shut off, there were 3 birth defects among 228 births. You asked to determine if the rate of birth defects was higher when the contaminated well was in use. a. Clearly define what the exposure is and what the outcome is. b. Estimate the probability of a birth defect when the contaminated water was consumed. Estimate the probability of a birth defect when the contaminated well was shut off. Calculate the ratio of these two estimates; this is the Relative Risk of a birth defect with and without well water. c. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the true population proportion of birth defects when the contaminated water was consumed. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the true population proportion of…Suppose that a certain paper included the accompanying data on the tar level of cigarettes smoked for a sample of male smokers who died of lung cancer. Tar Level Frequency Low 108 Medium 383 High 568 Very high 155 Assume that the sample is representative of male smokers who die of lung cancer. Calculate the value of the ?2 test statistic that could be used to test whether the proportions of male smoker lung cancer deaths are not equal for all of the four tar level categories. The expected values are 303.5 for each of the four cells. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) ?2 =Decide if each of the following statements is True or False. If a sample of n = 10 scores is transformed into z-scores, there will be five positive z-scores and five negative z-scores. True False
- An educational researcher devised a wooden toy assembly project to test learning in 6-year-olds. The time in seconds to assemble the project was noted, and the toy was disassembled out of the child's sight. Then the child was given the task to repeat. The researcher would conclude that learning occurred if the mean of the second assembly times was less than the mean of the first assembly times. Child 1 2 3 4 6 7 Trial 1 100 150 150 110 130 120 118 Trial 2 90 130 150 06 105 110 120 a) At a = 0.01, can it be concluded that learning took place? b) At a = 0.10, can it be concluded that learning took place? c) Compare you answer for (a) and (b). d) Find the 98% confidence interval of the difference in means.Suppose a two-way Chi-square test is used to evaluate the relationship between two variables. If both variables have 4 categories or 'items', the number of degrees of freedom (df) for the Chi-square test would be:A. 8B. 7C. 4D. 9 In a two-way Chi-square situation, you are trying to determine if there is a significant relationship between two variables that represent the nominal and/or ordinal scale of measurement.A. TrueB. False What is stated by the null hypothesis in a two-way Chi-square test? A. The two variables have a curvilinear relationshipB. The two variables have very different frequency distributionsC. There is a significant relationship between the two variablesD. There is no significant relationship between the two variablesA graduate student is interested in how viewing different types of scenes affects working memory. For his study, he selects a random sample of 36 adults. The subjects complete a series of working memory tests before and after walking in an urban setting. Before the walk, the mean score on the test of working memory was 9.1. After the walk, the mean score was 1.4 higher. The graduate student has no presupposed assumptions about how viewing different types of scenes affects working memory, so he formulates the null and alternative hypotheses as: H00 : μDD = 0 H11 : μDD ≠ 0 Assume that the data satisfy all of the required assumptions for a repeated-measures t test. The graduate student calculates the following statistics for his hypothesis test: Mean difference (MDD) 1.4 Estimated population standard deviation of the differences (s) 1.6 Estimated standard error of the mean differences (sMDMD) 0.2667 Degrees of freedom (df) 35 The t statistic 5.25 The critical values of t…
- 1. Ten subjects were chosen for an experiment. They were asked to perform a certain physical activity. The number of heartbeats per minute, before and after experiment are recorded as follows: Subject Before After Subject Before After number number 1 60 92 72 76 2 67 79 7 71 73 72 72 8 69 81 4 71 80 75 80 68 72 10 68 76 Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that the experiment condition increases the number of heartbeats per minute? Use a .05 level of significance.Only about 17 of all people can wiggle their ears. Is this percent lower for millionaires? Of the 319 millionaires surveyed, 45 could wiggle their ears. What can be concluded at the a = 0.01 level of significance? a. For this study, we should use Select an answer b. The null and alternative hypotheses would be: Ho: py (please enter a decimal) %3D H: p # (Please enter a decimal) c. The test statistic t v (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) d. The p-value = (Please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) e. The p-value is s a f. Based on this, we should fail to reject g. Thus, the final conclusion is that... the null hypothesis. OThe data suggest the populaton proportion is significantly lower than 17% at a = 0.01, so there is statistically significant evidence to conclude that the population proportion of millionaires who can wiggle their ears is lower than 17%. O The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly lower than 17% at a = 0.01, so there is…How would I answer this?
- 13A sociologist is interested in the opinion of Minnesota teachers on the recent labor union law passed by Wisconsin lawmakers. a. What is the experimental unit? b.What is the population? c.What are the variables relevant to this study? Classify them as continuous, discrete, nominal, or ordinal. d. Explain how you would select a sample for this study. Explain pros and cons of your method.The claim is that the proportion of adults who smoked a cigarette in the past week is less than 0.30, and the sample statistics include n=1126 subjects with 327 saying that they smoked a cigarette in the past week. Find the value of the test statistic.