n the follwoing section, where is the minus coming from (the part that is bold and underlined(? Path c→d (Isothermal compression at T=TCD) Similar to path a→b, since the process is isothermal, there is no change in internal energy: ΔU = 0 Thus, Qcd = −Wcd=−W3 =−1654.25 J Path d→a (Adiabatic compression) Again, since the process is adiabatic, there is no heat exchanged: Qda=0 Thus,Qda=−Wda=−W4=−(−2280.32)J=2280.32J

n the follwoing section, where is the minus coming from (the part that is bold and underlined(? Path c→d (Isothermal compression at T=TCD) Similar to path a→b, since the process is isothermal, there is no change in internal energy: ΔU = 0 Thus, Qcd = −Wcd=−W3 =−1654.25 J Path d→a (Adiabatic compression) Again, since the process is adiabatic, there is no heat exchanged: Qda=0 Thus,Qda=−Wda=−W4=−(−2280.32)J=2280.32J

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