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Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?

Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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First image is model 5.

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Intermembrane space NADH + FADH, FAD ++ NAD+ Hydrogen ion (proton) + H₂O Mitochondrial matrix + + ATP synthase ADP ATP + P₁ +
Transcribed Image Text:Intermembrane space NADH + FADH, FAD ++ NAD+ Hydrogen ion (proton) + H₂O Mitochondrial matrix + + ATP synthase ADP ATP + P₁ +
Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?
Transcribed Image Text:Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?
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