21. What happens to sodium channels and potassium channels đuring repolarization of a neuron? A. both potassium channels and sodium channels remain closed B. the sodium channels elose, followed by opening of the potassium channels C. both sodium channels and potassium channels remain closed D. the sodium channels open, but the potassium channels remain closed E. both potassium channels and sodium channels remain open 22. The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? A. a potassium current will transport K* ions out of the cytoplasm B. a sodium current will transport Na" ions out of the cytoplasm C. a potassium current will transport K* ions into the cytoplasm D. a sodium current will transport Na" ions into the cytoplasm E. a sodium current will transport K* ions into the cytoplasm

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.