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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Please write the description of the picture. What do you see in the picture. 

### Anatomy of the Human Shoulder #### The Scapula (Shoulder Blade) The image depicts a human scapula, commonly referred to as the shoulder blade. The scapula is a flat, triangular-shaped bone located in the upper back, between levels T2 and T7 of the thoracic spine, and it plays a crucial role in shoulder function and movement. #### Key Features of the Scapula: 1. **Spine of the Scapula**: - This is the prominent ridge running across the posterior (back) aspect of the scapula. It can be seen in the image extending laterally (towards the shoulder) where it terminates at the acromion. 2. **Acromion Process**: - The acromion is the outward extension of the spine of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder blade. It is an important site for muscle attachment and forms the acromioclavicular joint with the clavicle. 3. **Glenoid Cavity**: - This is the shallow, concave surface on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. 4. **Coracoid Process**: - Found on the anterior (front) surface of the scapula, the coracoid process is another vital structure for muscle attachment, particularly for the biceps brachii. 5. **Superior Angle and Inferior Angle**: - The superior angle is the uppermost point of the scapula, while the inferior angle is the lowermost tip. These angles are landmarks for muscle attachments and clinical assessments. 6. **Medial (Vertebral) Border**: - This edge of the scapula is closest to the spine. It serves as an attachment point for various muscles, such as the rhomboids and the serratus anterior. 7. **Lateral (Axillary) Border**: - The lateral border is the side of the scapula that is closer to the humerus (upper arm bone). It provides attachment points for muscles like the teres major and minor. #### Educational Note: Understanding the anatomy of the scapula, including its distinct features and the muscles attached to it, is crucial for comprehending shoulder mechanics, diagnosing injuries, and planning treatments related to the shoulder region. This bone’s structure provides multiple lever arms for muscle attachment, thereby
Transcribed Image Text:### Anatomy of the Human Shoulder #### The Scapula (Shoulder Blade) The image depicts a human scapula, commonly referred to as the shoulder blade. The scapula is a flat, triangular-shaped bone located in the upper back, between levels T2 and T7 of the thoracic spine, and it plays a crucial role in shoulder function and movement. #### Key Features of the Scapula: 1. **Spine of the Scapula**: - This is the prominent ridge running across the posterior (back) aspect of the scapula. It can be seen in the image extending laterally (towards the shoulder) where it terminates at the acromion. 2. **Acromion Process**: - The acromion is the outward extension of the spine of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder blade. It is an important site for muscle attachment and forms the acromioclavicular joint with the clavicle. 3. **Glenoid Cavity**: - This is the shallow, concave surface on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. 4. **Coracoid Process**: - Found on the anterior (front) surface of the scapula, the coracoid process is another vital structure for muscle attachment, particularly for the biceps brachii. 5. **Superior Angle and Inferior Angle**: - The superior angle is the uppermost point of the scapula, while the inferior angle is the lowermost tip. These angles are landmarks for muscle attachments and clinical assessments. 6. **Medial (Vertebral) Border**: - This edge of the scapula is closest to the spine. It serves as an attachment point for various muscles, such as the rhomboids and the serratus anterior. 7. **Lateral (Axillary) Border**: - The lateral border is the side of the scapula that is closer to the humerus (upper arm bone). It provides attachment points for muscles like the teres major and minor. #### Educational Note: Understanding the anatomy of the scapula, including its distinct features and the muscles attached to it, is crucial for comprehending shoulder mechanics, diagnosing injuries, and planning treatments related to the shoulder region. This bone’s structure provides multiple lever arms for muscle attachment, thereby
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