Methanoic acid, HCOOH(aq) , is a monoprotic acid that can be synthesized by the reaction between CO and NH3 in the presence of hydronium ions. A proposed mechanism for the reaction consists of the three elementary steps shown below. Step 1: CH3 OH + CO → HCO2CH3 slow Step 2: HCO2CH3 + NH3 → HCONH2 + CH3 OH fast Step 3: HCONH2 + H3 O+ → HCOOH + NH4 + fast Overall reaction: CO + NH3 + H3 O+ → HCOOH + NH4 + ΔHrxn = −81 kJ/molrxn

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