Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
General Zod has sold Lex Luthor what Zod claims to be a new copper-colored form of kryptonite, the only substance that can harm Superman. Lex, not believing in honor among thieves, decided to carry out some tests on the supposed kryptonite. From previous tests, Lex knew that kryptonite is a metal having a specific heat capacity of 0.082 J/g⋅∘C and a density of 9.2 g/cm3 Lex Luthor's first experiment was an attempt to find the specific heat capacity of kryptonite. He dropped a 10g±3g sample of the metal into a boiling water bath at a temperature of 100.0∘C±0.2∘C . He waited until the metal had reached the bath temperature and then quickly transferred it to 100g± 3 g of water that was contained in a calorimeter at an initial temperature of 25.0∘C±0.2∘C . The final temperature of the metal and water was 25.2∘C.Based on these results, is it possible to distinguish between copper and kryptonite? Explain. When Lex found that his results from the first experiment were inconclusive, he decided to determine the density of the sample. He managed to steal a better balance and determined the mass of another portion of the purported kryptonite to be 4g±1g. He dropped this sample into water contained in a 25−mL graduated cylinder and found that it displaced a volume of 0.42mL±0.02mL . Is the metal copper or kryptonite? Explain. Lex was finally forced to determine the crystal structure of the metal General Zod had given him. He found that the cubic
unit cell contained four atoms and had an edge length of 600.pm . Explain how this information enabled Lex to identify the metal as copper or kryptonite. Will Lex be going after Superman with the kryptonite or seeking revenge on General Zod? What improvements could he have made in his experimental techniques to avoid performing the crystal structure determination?
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