Check all parts of answer in boxes. Answer last two parts with explanation. Options to choose from are charge/concentration/charge and concentration. membrane potential as a function of time in a pacemaker cellbefore and after exposure to a neurotransmitter3015-15-30-45-60TIME abneurotransmitteraddedAt time a:The funny channels areclosedThe voltage gated Ca** channels areopenThe voltage gated K+ channels areclosed. The ligand gated K+ channels areclosedAt time b:The funny channels areоpenThe voltage gated Ca++ and channels areopenThe voltage gated K+ channels areclosed. The ligand gated K+ channels areclosedVoltagebelowthreshold opens funny channels. Voltageabovethresholdopens channels that participate in the action potential.[ Select ]drives ions through the open channels at time a.[ Select ]drives ions through the open channels at time b.Membrane potential (mv)

Answered: membrane potential as a function of…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

Check all parts of answer in boxes.

Answer last two parts with explanation. Options to choose from are charge/concentration/charge and concentration.

membrane potential as a function of time in a pacemaker cell
before and after exposure to a neurotransmitter
30
15
-15
-30
-45
-60
TIME a
b
neurotransmitter
added
At time a:
The funny channels are
closed
The voltage gated Ca** channels are
open
The voltage gated K+ channels are
closed
. The ligand gated K+ channels are
closed
At time b:
The funny channels are
оpen
The voltage gated Ca++ and channels are
open
The voltage gated K+ channels are
closed
. The ligand gated K+ channels are
closed
Voltage
below
threshold opens funny channels. Voltage
above
threshold
opens channels that participate in the action potential.
[ Select ]
drives ions through the open channels at time a.
[ Select ]
drives ions through the open channels at time b.
Membrane potential (mv)

Expert Solution

Step 1

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle. It contains network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers called autorhythmic fibers because they are self-excitable. They generally generate action potentials that trigger heart contractions. Cardiac action potentials normally begin in the sinoatrial node (SA node), which act as the heart's pacemaker, initiating cardiac action potentials that causes contraction of the heart. The pacemaker cell channels are also known as the funny channel, which conduct the electrical signals in the heart during contraction.