Many thermodynamic processes occur naturally in one specific direction but not in the opposite direction. For instance, cooling a closed environment on a very hot day requires electrical energy to be carried out, as in the case of an air conditioner. Why is that? Another example: it's easy to fully convert mechanical energy into heat, which happens every time we use the brakes to stop a car. However, in the opposite direction, there are many devices that only partially convert heat into mechanical energy, like the engine of a car. But even the most talented inventor has yet to build a machine capable of fully converting an amount of heat into mechanical energy. Once again, why? The answer to these two questions is related to the directions of thermodynamic processes and is provided by the second law of thermodynamics. With regard to various concepts related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, analyze the following statements: Thermal machines are devices used to convert mechanical energy into thermal energy with consequent performance of work. The statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics asserts that heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder body to a hotter body. A gasoline engine operating on an Otto cycle has a theoretical maximum efficiency whose value can, in extreme situations, be equal to 100%. A refrigerator receives heat from a colder source, performs work, and rejects heat to a hotter source. Therefore, it is possible to use the refrigerator as an air conditioner for a closed kitchen, as long as the refrigerator is kept open all the time. Is what is stated in:

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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Many thermodynamic processes occur naturally in one specific direction but not in the opposite direction. For instance, cooling a closed environment on a very hot day requires electrical energy to be carried out, as in the case of an air conditioner. Why is that? Another example: it's easy to fully convert mechanical energy into heat, which happens every time we use the brakes to stop a car. However, in the opposite direction, there are many devices that only partially convert heat into mechanical energy, like the engine of a car. But even the most talented inventor has yet to build a machine capable of fully converting an amount of heat into mechanical energy. Once again, why? The answer to these two questions is related to the directions of thermodynamic processes and is provided by the second law of thermodynamics.

With regard to various concepts related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, analyze the following statements:

Thermal machines are devices used to convert mechanical energy into thermal energy with consequent performance of work.
The statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics asserts that heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder body to a hotter body.
A gasoline engine operating on an Otto cycle has a theoretical maximum efficiency whose value can, in extreme situations, be equal to 100%.
A refrigerator receives heat from a colder source, performs work, and rejects heat to a hotter source. Therefore, it is possible to use the refrigerator as an air conditioner for a closed kitchen, as long as the refrigerator is kept open all the time.

Is what is stated in:

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