**Problem 1:**Which of the following would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics?- Choose one that applies. - ○ A 130°F cup of hot coffee is placed on the table in a 75°F room. Without any work being exerted and with no chemical reactions the cup of coffee heats up. - ○ 1,000 kJ of energy are available from a hot thermal reservoir. A heat engine converts 600 kJ to work and rejects 500 kJ to a lower temperature reservoir. - ○ A swinging pendulum gets lower and lower as friction takes energy out of the system. - ○ As a block slides down a rough incline heat is generated from friction. - ○ Work is done and heat is made to go from a lower temperature reservoir to a higher temperature reservoir. - ○ An inventor builds a device that is able to convert a specific amount of heat entirely to work in a thermodynamic cycle.

The second law of thermodynamics states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy (S) of the universe. This means that for an isolated system, its entropy will never decrease with time.Let's analyze each scenario:(a) A cup of hot coffee heating up in a room without any work or chemical reactions taking place. This does not violate the Second Law. Heat naturally flows from a hotter object to a cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached.(b) A heat engine converting some heat into work and rejecting some heat to a lower-temperature reservoir. This scenario aligns with the Second Law. Heat engines operate based on the principles of the Second Law, and some heat is always rejected to a cooler reservoir.(c) A swinging pendulum loses energy to friction and eventually slows down. This aligns with the Second Law as well. Friction dissipates energy, leading to a decrease in the system's overall useful energy and an increase in entropy.(d) Heat generated from friction as a block slides down an incline. This also doesn't violate the Second Law. Friction generates heat and the overall system entropy increases.(e) Work being done and heat flowing from a lower-temperature reservoir to a higher-temperature reservoir goes against the natural direction of heat flow dictated by the Second Law. This scenario violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.(f) An inventor building a device that can convert a specific amount of heat entirely to work in a thermodynamic cycle is not possible according to the Second Law. The Second Law states that it is impossible to have a perfect heat engine that converts all input heat into work without any waste or rejection of heat to a cooler reservoir.Therefore, scenarios (e) and (f) would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

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Problem 1: Which of the following would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Choose one that applies. OA 130 °F cup of hot coffee is placed on the table in a 75 °F room. Without any work being exerted and with no chemical reactions the cup of coffee heats up. O1,000 kJ of energy are available from a hot thermal reservoir. A heat engine converts 600 kJ to work and rejects 500 kJ to a lower temperature reservoir. OA swinging pendulum gets lower and lower as friction takes energy out of the system. As a block slides down a rough incline heat is generated from friction. Work is done and heat is made to go from a lower temperature reservoir to a higher temperature reservoir. O An inventor builds a device that is able to convert a specific amount of heat entirely to work in a thermodynamic cycle.

Problem 1: Which of the following would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Choose one that applies. OA 130 °F cup of hot coffee is placed on the table in a 75 °F room. Without any work being exerted and with no chemical reactions the cup of coffee heats up. O1,000 kJ of energy are available from a hot thermal reservoir. A heat engine converts 600 kJ to work and rejects 500 kJ to a lower temperature reservoir. OA swinging pendulum gets lower and lower as friction takes energy out of the system. As a block slides down a rough incline heat is generated from friction. Work is done and heat is made to go from a lower temperature reservoir to a higher temperature reservoir. O An inventor builds a device that is able to convert a specific amount of heat entirely to work in a thermodynamic cycle.

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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Question

**Problem 1:**
Which of the following would violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

- Choose one that applies.

- ○ A 130°F cup of hot coffee is placed on the table in a 75°F room. Without any work being exerted and with no chemical reactions the cup of coffee heats up.

- ○ 1,000 kJ of energy are available from a hot thermal reservoir. A heat engine converts 600 kJ to work and rejects 500 kJ to a lower temperature reservoir.

- ○ A swinging pendulum gets lower and lower as friction takes energy out of the system.

- ○ As a block slides down a rough incline heat is generated from friction.

- ○ Work is done and heat is made to go from a lower temperature reservoir to a higher temperature reservoir.

- ○ An inventor builds a device that is able to convert a specific amount of heat entirely to work in a thermodynamic cycle.

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