Machine organizationQuestion to be answered:Which instruction (provide a memory address) is executed prior to instructionat locationx4003? **Defining a Service Routine at Memory Location x4000**In this example, we define a service routine starting at memory location x4000. The purpose of this routine is to read a character from the input and then echo it to the screen. Below is the assembly language code for this routine:```assembly .ORIG x4000 ST R7, SaveR7 ; Store the content of register R7 into the location SaveR7 GETC ; Read a character from the input and store it in register R0 OUT ; Output the character in register R0 to the screen LD R7, SaveR7 ; Load the content of SaveR7 back into register R7 RET ; Return from the subroutineSaveR7 .FILL x0000; Memory location for saving the content of register R7```### Explanation of Each Instruction:- `.ORIG x4000`: This directive indicates that the beginning of the program or routine is at memory location x4000.- `ST R7, SaveR7`: The content of register R7 is stored into the memory location labeled "SaveR7". This is useful for preserving the value of R7 if it needs to be used within the routine.- `GETC`: This instruction reads a single character from the keyboard and stores it in register R0.- `OUT`: This instruction takes the character in register R0 and outputs it to the screen, effectively echoing the character.- `LD R7, SaveR7`: The previously stored content of register R7 is loaded back into R7 from the memory location "SaveR7".- `RET`: This instruction returns control to the calling program or the next instruction in sequence.- `SaveR7 .FILL x0000`: This is a memory location reserved to store the value of R7. ".FILL" is used to initialize this location with the value x0000.This elementary service routine demonstrates how to handle simple Input/Output operations and register preservation in assembly language programs.

Given code .ORIG X4000 ; starting address of program ST R7,Save R7 ; save R7 with value 0000…

Suppose we define a service routine starting at memory location x4000. This routine reads in a character and echoes it to the screen. . ORIG x4000 ST R7, SaveR7 GETC OUT LD R7, SaveR7 RET SaveR7 .FILL x0000

Suppose we define a service routine starting at memory location x4000. This routine reads in a character and echoes it to the screen. . ORIG x4000 ST R7, SaveR7 GETC OUT LD R7, SaveR7 RET SaveR7 .FILL x0000

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Concept explainers

Fundamentals of Input and Output Performance

The I/O subsystem is a component of computer system design that uses buses to assist communication between the Central Processing Unit, Computer Memory/Storage, and Input and Output Devices (that is known as peripheral devices). The I/O subsystem includes disc controllers, tape drives, discs, system buses, and other devices. The I/O database application reads and writes drives using the operating system windows I/O.

Question

Machine organization

Question to be answered:

Which instruction (provide a memory address) is executed prior to instructionat locationx4003?

**Defining a Service Routine at Memory Location x4000**

In this example, we define a service routine starting at memory location x4000. The purpose of this routine is to read a character from the input and then echo it to the screen. Below is the assembly language code for this routine:

```assembly
.ORIG x4000
ST R7, SaveR7 ; Store the content of register R7 into the location SaveR7
GETC ; Read a character from the input and store it in register R0
OUT ; Output the character in register R0 to the screen
LD R7, SaveR7 ; Load the content of SaveR7 back into register R7
RET ; Return from the subroutine
SaveR7 .FILL x0000; Memory location for saving the content of register R7
```

### Explanation of Each Instruction:
- `.ORIG x4000`: This directive indicates that the beginning of the program or routine is at memory location x4000.
- `ST R7, SaveR7`: The content of register R7 is stored into the memory location labeled "SaveR7". This is useful for preserving the value of R7 if it needs to be used within the routine.
- `GETC`: This instruction reads a single character from the keyboard and stores it in register R0.
- `OUT`: This instruction takes the character in register R0 and outputs it to the screen, effectively echoing the character.
- `LD R7, SaveR7`: The previously stored content of register R7 is loaded back into R7 from the memory location "SaveR7".
- `RET`: This instruction returns control to the calling program or the next instruction in sequence.
- `SaveR7 .FILL x0000`: This is a memory location reserved to store the value of R7. ".FILL" is used to initialize this location with the value x0000.

This elementary service routine demonstrates how to handle simple Input/Output operations and register preservation in assembly language programs.

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