Lymphedema following a mastectomy is due to: Question 5 options: Surgical removal of lymph nodes Proliferation of regional lymph nodes Atrophy of lymph nodes Sclerosis or scarring of lymph nodes
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Lymphedema following a mastectomy is due to:
Question 5 options:
|
Surgical removal of lymph nodes |
|
Proliferation of regional lymph nodes |
|
Atrophy of lymph nodes |
|
Sclerosis or scarring of lymph nodes |
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Write the name of the organ or tissue that matches the description. Terms may be used more than once.1. Regresses considerably with age 2. Largest lymphatic organ; red and white pulp 3. Bean-shaped; has efferent and afferent vessels 4. Primary lymphatic organs 5. 6. Secondary lymphatic organs 7. 8. Secondary lymphatic nodules associated with the nasal and oral cavities 9. Secondary lymphatic nodules located in connective tissue of mucous membranes 10. Secondary lymphatic nodules located in the small intestineDefine the bold terms in the text and correlate. lymphadenopathy polymorphonucleocytes leukopenia anemia thrombocytopenia retrovirus protease inhibitorsLook at the following image and match between the number of the cell and its type. PATHPEDIA.COM 3. Monocyte Lymphocyte Erythrocyte Bas 1 2 4
- write a terminology in column B which meets the description of column A COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. Cointaining the protein Keratin 2. A stem cell that can give rise to another blood cells 3. Acell the enguifs foreign microscopic particles to initiate immune responses 4. Layered cells in a tissue 5. Belonging to glands with ducts 6. Glands that are ductless 7. The outermost connective tissue in body surfaces and surfaces of internal organs 8. Characterized by a fine network of fibres. 9. Epithelium that appears to be stratified, with all the cells connected to the basement membrane 10. Ability to break down proteinM.L. is a 26-year-old homosexual man admitted to the hospital for progressive respiratory distress, fever, weakness, and chronic diarrhea. He tested HIV positive about 3 years ago, but his infection has remained asymptomatic until 2 months prior to admission. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia was suspected and confirmed by culture. Laboratory analysis demonstrates a low CD4+ count of 185 cells/ml. HAART treatment with the antiretrovirals azidothymidine (AZT), efavirenz (Sustiva), and ritonavir (Norvir) was started 2 months ago. QUESTIONS: A medical student asks you to draw a picture of the HIV virion and a CD4+ cell, and to explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you show on the drawing and explain about the process?M.L. is a 26-year-old homosexual man admitted to the hospital for progressive respiratory distress, fever, weakness, and chronic diarrhea. He tested HIV positive about 3 years ago, but his infection has remained asymptomatic until 2 months prior to admission. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia was suspected and confirmed by culture. Laboratory analysis demonstrates a low CD4+ count of 185 cells/ml. HAART treatment with the antiretrovirals azidothymidine (AZT), efavirenz (Sustiva), and ritonavir (Norvir) was started 2 months ago. QUESTIONS: P. jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection to which immunocompetent people are immune. What other opportunistic infections are commonly seen in AIDS patients? Are there any data to suggest that M.L. may have one of these? A medical student asks you to draw a picture of the HIV virion and a CD4+ cell, and to explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you show on the drawing…
- Case scenario A 19-year-old male visits his primary care physician with a sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue. During the visit, the nurse finds that he has a fever. The patient reports that he is attending his second year of college at a local university. The physician performs a physical examination, which confirms large, swollen, painful lymph nodes. He decides to send the patient to the office laboratory for blood work. He orders a complete blood count (CBC) and viral and bacterial studies. Question: 1. Based on the information obtained thus far, what does the laboratory analysis indicate? Explain your answer. 2. The patient's symptoms of fever and painful, swollen lymph nodes are caused by what innate immune mechanisms? Explain your answer 3. About 50% of patients with chronic viral infection develop splenomegaly. Based on what you know about the organs of the immune system, why would this condition develop?A breast cancer patient who had a complete mastectomy on breast is for blood extraction.Discuss about AIDS.
- Give meanings for the following combining forms: 1. coagul/o 7. myel/o 2. cyt/o 8. morph/o 3. erythr/o 9. neutr/o 4. hem/o 10. sider/o 5. kary/o 11. phag/o 6. leuk/o 12. thromb/o Match the following cells with their meanings below: basophil hematopoietic stem cell neutrophil eosinophil lymphocyte platelet erythrocyte monocyte 1. red blood cell - 2. white blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage - 3. thrombocyte - 4. bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells - 5. leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies - 6. leukocyte with dense reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions - 7. leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules - 8. leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin - Chapter 14. TEXTBOOK EXERCISES Give meanings for the following combining forms: 1. inguin/o 5. tox/o 2. thym/o 6. immun/o 3. axill/o 7. splen/o 4. cervic/o 8. lymphaden/o Give meanings for the…Case Study:A 9-year-old boy complained of fever and sore throat over a 3-day period. On examination by his physician, the patient’s pharynx was red, and both tonsils were swollen. Pronounced cervical lymphadenopathy was present. A swab of the tonsillar area was taken and inoculated to a sheep blood agar (SBA) plate. After 24 hours of incubation, small, shiny, translucent colonies showing β- hemolysis were noted. The microscopy shows a Gram positive coccus arranged in pairs.Diagnosis: Acute PharyngitisCase study presentation should include the following:1. Case2. Patient initials (Ex. 50-year-old man)3. History of the present illness (Symptoms and may include the physical exam of the patient)4. Chief Complaints (Ex. Morning stiffness in his joints for over a year)5. Diagnosis and Causative agent6. Pathophysiology7. Treatment and Management8. References