Locate the stereogenic centers in each Newman projection and label each center as R or S. 3H. a. A HO CH3 . Br 1 CH=CH₂ b. CH₂CH3 2 Draw the structure of (S Shethambutol a drug USO HO H CHO H OH CH₂CH₂Br
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![**5.51** Locate the stereogenic centers in each Newman projection and label each center as R or S.
- Diagram a:
- A Newman projection is shown with a focus on a carbon atom. The substituents attached are CH₃, Br, HO, CH₂CH₃, and CH=CH₂. Stereogenic center is labeled as S.
- Diagram b:
- Another Newman projection is depicted. The substituents attached are CHO, HO, H, OH, and CH₂CH₂Br. Both stereogenic centers need to be identified and labeled.
**5.52** Draw the structure of (S,S)-ethambutol, a drug used to treat tuberculosis, that is 10 times more potent than its stereoisomers.
- The structure of (S,S)-ethambutol is requested to be drawn, emphasizing the stereochemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff2d324e2-7a67-4e3d-bb22-9ad23fbeb72b%2F9e308c2c-4b24-44d2-a673-0a3983568b49%2Ffn5iia_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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