Liquid flows horizontally through a circular tube filled with sand grains that are spherical and of the same diameter. As liquid flows through this sand bed, the liquid experiences a pressure drop. The pressure drop Ap is a function of average fluid velocity V, diameter D of the sand grains, spacing S between adjacent grains, liquid density p, and viscosity µ. Use dimensional analysis to determine an expression for the pressure drop in terms of these variables.

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Properties of Fluids

The term fluid represents a type of substance that can easily change its shape under any external pressure/force and can flow. Fluids can acquire any shape in which it is stored and can resist normal stresses but cannot resist shear stress in rest condition. Whenever external shear stress is applied to fluids, it starts to flow. The fluids may be liquid or gas. Example- water, air, etc.