Let G be a graph of order n ≥ 3. Prove that G is 2-connected if and only if for any vertex v and edge e of G, v and e lie on a common cycle of G.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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**Problem Statement:**

Let \( G \) be a graph of order \( n \geq 3 \). Prove that \( G \) is 2-connected if and only if for any vertex \( v \) and edge \( e \) of \( G \), \( v \) and \( e \) lie on a common cycle of \( G \).

**Explanation:**

This statement involves graph theory concepts:

- **Graph \( G \):** A collection of vertices connected by edges. The "order" \( n \) refers to the number of vertices in the graph.
  
- **2-connected Graph:** A graph is 2-connected if it is connected and does not become disconnected by the removal of any single vertex (i.e., it has no articulation points).

- **Cycle in a Graph:** A path in which the first and last vertices are the same, creating a loop without repeating any edges or vertices, except for the starting/ending vertex.

The task is to prove that a graph being 2-connected is equivalent to the condition that any vertex and edge in the graph can be included in some cycle within the graph.
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem Statement:** Let \( G \) be a graph of order \( n \geq 3 \). Prove that \( G \) is 2-connected if and only if for any vertex \( v \) and edge \( e \) of \( G \), \( v \) and \( e \) lie on a common cycle of \( G \). **Explanation:** This statement involves graph theory concepts: - **Graph \( G \):** A collection of vertices connected by edges. The "order" \( n \) refers to the number of vertices in the graph. - **2-connected Graph:** A graph is 2-connected if it is connected and does not become disconnected by the removal of any single vertex (i.e., it has no articulation points). - **Cycle in a Graph:** A path in which the first and last vertices are the same, creating a loop without repeating any edges or vertices, except for the starting/ending vertex. The task is to prove that a graph being 2-connected is equivalent to the condition that any vertex and edge in the graph can be included in some cycle within the graph.
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