Let G be a cyclic group of order n and let g be a generator of G. The El Gamal encryption scheme AEEG = (K, E, D) associated to G, g is the asymmetric encryption scheme whose constituent algorithms are depicted below: Algorithm K x ←$ Zn X ← gx Return (X, x) Algorithm EX(M) If M ∈ G then return ⊥ y ←$ Zn ; Y ← gy K ← Xy ; W ← KM Return (Y,W) Algorithm Dx((Y,W)) K ← Y x M ← WK−1 Return M The plaintext-space associated to a public key X ∈ G is G itself, and if M is not in this set then the encryption algorithm returns ⊥.

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Q: A password is 4 characters in length,

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Hash Table

A hash table also called a hash map, is a data structure that maps key-value pairs. The hash table can be used in complex systems to provide fast access and compact storage. A hash table is a structure that stores data in an abstract data type kind of associative array. It keeps data in an array format, with a distinct index value for every data value. If the index of the required data is known, then the data can be accessed very easily.