### Password Cracking Analysis #### Assumptions:1. **Password Characteristics**: - Length: 6 characters - Character Set: 17 possible characters2. **Password File and Dictionary**: - Password file contains 64 passwords. - Dictionary contains 128,000 common passwords. - Probability of finding a password from the file in the dictionary: 0.2 (20%)3. **Work and Time Definitions**: - Work = Number of computed hashes - Work Time = 4 * Work (seconds) - Example: If Work = 10 hashes, then Work Time = 4 * 10 = 40 seconds#### Problem Statement:What is the **expected number of hours needed** to find the password for a specific user if salts are used and the dictionary is not employed?#### Possible Answer Choices:- 53,639.042- 940,369,691.520- 13,409.761- 26,819.521- 3,761,479,876.080- Answer is not given### Explanation:To solve this, you need to know:- The total number of possible passwords.- The work and time involved in checking each of these passwords.- Conversion of work time from seconds to hours for the final answer.**Note**: Given that salts are used, each password hash must be computed individually without leveraging precomputed hashes, drastically increasing computational requirements.This section provides an analysis of the computational effort required to crack a 6-character password with these specific parameters. Use this information to enhance understanding of password security and the importance of using salts in password hashing to prevent dictionary attacks.

Answered: - A password is 6 characters in length,…

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

7th Edition

ISBN:9780133594140

Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

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Suppose you generate the following RSA key pairs: •p = 37199 •q = 49031 •N = p•q = 1823904169 • (p - 1) · (q - 1) = 1823817940 •e = 65537 (for encryption) •d = 1578812933 (for decrption) Assuming a=01, b=02, ..., z=26, and we group the digits in groups of three. (ii) If you receive strings of digits from a sender: 199770170, 1288754980, 324346846, 1370682962, decrypt the message.
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- A password is 6 characters in length, and there 17 different characters from which we can select. - The password file includes 64 passwords, an attacker has a dictionary of 128000 common passwords, and the probability of having a password from password file in the dictionary is 0.2.