Lazer Technologies Inc. (LTI) has produced a total of 20 high-power laser systems that could be used to destroy any approaching enemy missiles or aircraft. The 20 units have been produced, funded in part as private research within the research and developme arm of LTI, but the bulk of the funding came from a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Testing of the laser units has shown that they are effective defense weapons, and if redesigned to add portability and easier field maintenance, the units could be truck-mounted. The DoD has asked LTI to submit a bid for 100 more units. The 20 units that LTI has built so far cost the following amounts and are listed in the order in which they were produced: Use Exhibit 6.4 and Exhibit 6.5. UNIT NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 COST ($ MILLIONS) $ 12 10 6.0 6.5 5.8 Learning rate 6.0 5.0 3.6 3.6 4.1 UNIT COST NUMBER ($ MILLIONS) 11 Cost for 120 more units 12 13 14 15 Expected cost for last unit 16 17 18 19 20 a. Based on past experience, what is the learning rate? (Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole percent.) $3.9 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.3 % 3.0 2.9 2.6 b. What cost should LTI use in their bid for the total order of 100 additional units, assuming that learning continues? c. What is the cost expected to be for the last unit under the learning rate you estimated?
Lazer Technologies Inc. (LTI) has produced a total of 20 high-power laser systems that could be used to destroy any approaching enemy missiles or aircraft. The 20 units have been produced, funded in part as private research within the research and developme arm of LTI, but the bulk of the funding came from a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Testing of the laser units has shown that they are effective defense weapons, and if redesigned to add portability and easier field maintenance, the units could be truck-mounted. The DoD has asked LTI to submit a bid for 100 more units. The 20 units that LTI has built so far cost the following amounts and are listed in the order in which they were produced: Use Exhibit 6.4 and Exhibit 6.5. UNIT NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 COST ($ MILLIONS) $ 12 10 6.0 6.5 5.8 Learning rate 6.0 5.0 3.6 3.6 4.1 UNIT COST NUMBER ($ MILLIONS) 11 Cost for 120 more units 12 13 14 15 Expected cost for last unit 16 17 18 19 20 a. Based on past experience, what is the learning rate? (Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole percent.) $3.9 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.3 % 3.0 2.9 2.6 b. What cost should LTI use in their bid for the total order of 100 additional units, assuming that learning continues? c. What is the cost expected to be for the last unit under the learning rate you estimated?
Practical Management Science
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337406659
Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.
Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.
Chapter2: Introduction To Spreadsheet Modeling
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 20P: Julie James is opening a lemonade stand. She believes the fixed cost per week of running the stand...
Related questions
Question
Ch. 6 Q6
![Lazer Technologies Inc. (LTI) has produced a total of 20 high-power laser systems that could be used to destroy any approaching
enemy missiles or aircraft. The 20 units have been produced, funded in part as private research within the research and development
arm of LTI, but the bulk of the funding came from a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
Testing of the laser units has shown that they are effective defense weapons, and if redesigned to add portability and easler field
maintenance, the units could be truck-mounted.
The DoD has asked LTI to submit a bid for 100 more units.
The 20 units that LTI has built so far cost the following amounts and are listed in the order in which they were produced: Use Exhibit
6.4 and Exhibit 6.5.
UNIT
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
COST
($ MILLIONS)
$12
Learning rate
10
6.0
6.5
5.8
6.0
5.0
3.6
3.6
4.1
a. Based on past experience, what is the learning rate? (Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest
whole percent.)
UNIT
COST
NUMBER ($ MILLIONS)
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cost for 120 more units
$3.9
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.3
3.0
2.9
2.6
%
b. What cost should LTI use in their bid for the total order of 100 additional units, assuming that learning continues?
Expected cost for last unit
c. What is the cost expected to be for the last unit under the learning rate you estimated?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fdd26d85a-e013-4a48-a762-d5bd9e4b812c%2F56ecfbaa-b3fa-48bc-8ed3-57c91bf5f3a9%2Fws0wo2p_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Lazer Technologies Inc. (LTI) has produced a total of 20 high-power laser systems that could be used to destroy any approaching
enemy missiles or aircraft. The 20 units have been produced, funded in part as private research within the research and development
arm of LTI, but the bulk of the funding came from a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
Testing of the laser units has shown that they are effective defense weapons, and if redesigned to add portability and easler field
maintenance, the units could be truck-mounted.
The DoD has asked LTI to submit a bid for 100 more units.
The 20 units that LTI has built so far cost the following amounts and are listed in the order in which they were produced: Use Exhibit
6.4 and Exhibit 6.5.
UNIT
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
COST
($ MILLIONS)
$12
Learning rate
10
6.0
6.5
5.8
6.0
5.0
3.6
3.6
4.1
a. Based on past experience, what is the learning rate? (Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest
whole percent.)
UNIT
COST
NUMBER ($ MILLIONS)
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cost for 120 more units
$3.9
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.3
3.0
2.9
2.6
%
b. What cost should LTI use in their bid for the total order of 100 additional units, assuming that learning continues?
Expected cost for last unit
c. What is the cost expected to be for the last unit under the learning rate you estimated?
![Exhibit 6.4
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Unit Improvement Factor
60%
70%
65%
1.0000 1.0000 1,0000
6000
6500
7000
4450
5052
5682
3600
4225
4900
3054
3678
4368
2670
3284
3977
2383
2984
3674
2160
2746
3430
1980
2552
3228
1832
2391
3058
1602
2135
2784
1430
1940
2572
1290
1785
2401
1188
1659 2260
1099
1554
2141
1025
1465
2038
0961
1387
1949
0933
1353
1908
0815
1208
1737
0728
1097
1605
0660
0605
0560
0489
0437
0396
0363
0336
0294
0262
0237
0218
0201
0171
0149
0133
0121
0111
0103
0090
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,500
3,000
Improvement Curves: Table of Unit Values
0080
0073
0067
0062
0054
0048
0044
0040
0037
0031
0027
1010
0939
0879
0785
0713
0657
0610
0572
0510
0464
0427
0397
0371
0323
0289
0262
0241
0224
0210
0188
0171
0157
0146
0137
0122
0111
0102
0095
0089
0077
0069
1498
1410
1336
1216
1123
1049
0987
0935
0851
0786
0734
0691
0655
0584
0531
0491
0458
0431
0408
0372
0344
0321
0302
0286
0260
0240
0225
0211
0200
0178
0162
75%
1.0000
7500
6338
5625
5127
4754
4459
4219
4017
3846
3565
3344
3164
3013
2884
2772
2674
2629
2437
2286
2163
2060
1972
1828
1715
1622
1545
1479
1371
1287
1217
1159
1109
1011
0937
0879
0832
80%
1.0000
8000
7021
6400
0427
0389
0360
5956
5617
5345
5120
4930
4765
4493
4276
4096
3944
3812
3697
3595
3548
3346
3184
.3050
2936
2838
2676
2547
2440
2349
2271
2141
2038
1952
1879
1816
85%
1.0000
8500
7729
7225
6857
.6570
6337
6141
1691
1594
1517
1453
0792 1399
0758
1352
0703
1275
0659
1214
0624
1163
0594
1119
0569
1082
0527
1020
0971
0495
0468
0930
0446
0895
0866
0806
0760
5974
5828
5584
5386
5220
5078
4954
4844
4747
4701
4505
4345
4211
4096
3996
3829
.3693
3579
3482
3397
3255
3139
3042
2959
2887
2740
2625
2532
2454
2387
2329
2232
2152
2086
2029
1980
1897
1830
1773
1725
1683
1597
1530
90%
1.0000
9000
8462
8100
7830
7616
7439
7290
7161
7047
6854
6696
6561
6445
6342
6251
6169
6131
5963
5825
5708
5607
5518
5367
5243
5137
5046
4966
4830
4718
4623
4541
4469
4320
4202
4105
4022
3951
3888
3782
3694
3620
3556
3499
3404
3325
3258
3200
3149
3044
2961
O
95%
1.0000
9500
9219
9025
8877
8758
8659
8574
8499
8433
8320
8226
8145
8074
8012
7955
7904
7880
7775
7687
7611
7545
7486
7386
7302
7231
7168
7112
7017
6937
6869
6809
6757
6646
6557
6482
6419
6363
6314
6229
6158
6098
6045
5998
5918
5850
5793
P
5743
5698
5605
55:30
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
2222222
18.
20
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
Cumulative Improvement Factor
80%
70%
1.000
1.700
2.268
75%
1.000
1.750
65%
1.000
1.650
2045 2.155
2.578
2.405
2.758
2946 3.195
2.710
2.977 3.274 3.593
3572 3.960
4.303
3.847
4.626
4.102
4.341 4.931
4.780 5.501
5.177 6.026
5.541 6.514
6.972
5.879
6.195 7.407
6.492 7.819
6.773 8.213
3.216
3.432
3.630
3.813
4.144
4.438
4.704
4.946
5.171
5.379
6.909
8.404
1,000
1,200
1,400
60%
1.000
1.600
5.574
5.668
6.097
6.478
6.821
7.134
7.422
7.941
8401
8814
9.191
9.539
10.16
10.72
11.21
11.67
12.09
13.01
13.81
14.51
15.72
16.26
17.21
18.06
18.82
19.51
20.15
21.30
22.32
1,600
23.23
1,800
24.06
2,000 24.83
2.500
26.53
15.14
7.540
8.109
8.631
9.114
9.565
10.39
11.13
11.82
12.45
13.03
14.11
15.06
15.97
16.79
17.55
19.28
20.81
22.18
23.44
24.60
25.68
27.67
29.45
31.09
32.60
31.01
36.59
38.92
41.04
43.00
44.84
48.97
9.305
11.45
10.13
1272
10.90
13.72
11.62 1477
12.31
15.78
13.57
14.74
15.82
16.83
17.79
19.57
21.20
22.72
24.14
25.48
28.56
31.34
33.89
36.26
38.48
40.58
44.47
48.04
51.36
54.46
57.40
62.85
67.85
2.384
2946
3459
3.934
4.380
4.802
5.204
5.589
6315
6.994
7.635
8.245
8.828
9.388
9928
10.19
7249
76.85
80.96
90.39
17.67
1943
21.09
22.67
24.18
27.02
29.67
32.17
34.54
36 80
42.05
46.94
51.48
55.75
59.80
63.68
70.97
77.37
84.18
90.26
96.07
107.0
117.2
126.8
135.9
144.7
165.0
1.000
1.800
2.502
3.142
3.738
4.299
4834
5.346
5.839
6.315
7.227
8.092
8.920
9.716
10.48
11.23
11.95
12.31
14.02
15.64
17.19
18.68
20.12
22.87
25.47
27.96
30.35
32.65
37.05
41.22
45.20
49.03
52.72
61.47
69.66
77.43
84.85
91.97
98.85
112.0
124.4
136.3
1477
158.7
179.7
199.6
218.6
236.8
254.4
296.1
85%
1.000
1.850
2.623
3.345
4.031
4.688
5.322
5.936
6.533
7.116
8.244
9.331
10.38
11.41
12:40
13.38
14.33
14.80
17.09
19.29
21.43
23.50
25.51
29.41
33.17
36.80
40.32
43.75
50.39
56.78
62.95
68.95
74.79
88.83
102.2
115.1
127.6
139.7
151.5
174.2
196.1
217.3
237.9
257.9
296.6
3339
369.9
404.9
438.9
5208
90%
1.000
1.900
2.746
3.556
4.339
5.101
5.845
6.574
7.290
7.994
9.374
10.72
12.04
13.33
14.61
15.86
17.10
17.71
20.73
23.67
26.54
29.37
32.14
37.57
42.87
48.05
53.14
58.14
67.93
77.46
86.80
95.96
105.0
126.9
148.2
169.0
189.3
209.2
228.8
267.1
304.5
341.0
376.9
4122
481.2
5484
6142
678.8
7423
897.0
95%
1.000
1.950
2.872
3.774
4.662
5.538
6.404
7.261
8.111
8.955
10.62
12:27
13.91
15.52
17.13
18.72
20.31
21.10
25.00
28.86
32.68
36.47
40.22
47.65
54.99
62.25
69.45
76.59
90.71
104.7
118.5
132.1
145.7
179.2
212.2
244.8
277.0
309.0
340.6
403.3
465.3
526.5
587.2
647.4
766.6
884.2
1001
1116
1230
1513](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fdd26d85a-e013-4a48-a762-d5bd9e4b812c%2F56ecfbaa-b3fa-48bc-8ed3-57c91bf5f3a9%2Ffg7tnw5_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Exhibit 6.4
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Unit Improvement Factor
60%
70%
65%
1.0000 1.0000 1,0000
6000
6500
7000
4450
5052
5682
3600
4225
4900
3054
3678
4368
2670
3284
3977
2383
2984
3674
2160
2746
3430
1980
2552
3228
1832
2391
3058
1602
2135
2784
1430
1940
2572
1290
1785
2401
1188
1659 2260
1099
1554
2141
1025
1465
2038
0961
1387
1949
0933
1353
1908
0815
1208
1737
0728
1097
1605
0660
0605
0560
0489
0437
0396
0363
0336
0294
0262
0237
0218
0201
0171
0149
0133
0121
0111
0103
0090
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,500
3,000
Improvement Curves: Table of Unit Values
0080
0073
0067
0062
0054
0048
0044
0040
0037
0031
0027
1010
0939
0879
0785
0713
0657
0610
0572
0510
0464
0427
0397
0371
0323
0289
0262
0241
0224
0210
0188
0171
0157
0146
0137
0122
0111
0102
0095
0089
0077
0069
1498
1410
1336
1216
1123
1049
0987
0935
0851
0786
0734
0691
0655
0584
0531
0491
0458
0431
0408
0372
0344
0321
0302
0286
0260
0240
0225
0211
0200
0178
0162
75%
1.0000
7500
6338
5625
5127
4754
4459
4219
4017
3846
3565
3344
3164
3013
2884
2772
2674
2629
2437
2286
2163
2060
1972
1828
1715
1622
1545
1479
1371
1287
1217
1159
1109
1011
0937
0879
0832
80%
1.0000
8000
7021
6400
0427
0389
0360
5956
5617
5345
5120
4930
4765
4493
4276
4096
3944
3812
3697
3595
3548
3346
3184
.3050
2936
2838
2676
2547
2440
2349
2271
2141
2038
1952
1879
1816
85%
1.0000
8500
7729
7225
6857
.6570
6337
6141
1691
1594
1517
1453
0792 1399
0758
1352
0703
1275
0659
1214
0624
1163
0594
1119
0569
1082
0527
1020
0971
0495
0468
0930
0446
0895
0866
0806
0760
5974
5828
5584
5386
5220
5078
4954
4844
4747
4701
4505
4345
4211
4096
3996
3829
.3693
3579
3482
3397
3255
3139
3042
2959
2887
2740
2625
2532
2454
2387
2329
2232
2152
2086
2029
1980
1897
1830
1773
1725
1683
1597
1530
90%
1.0000
9000
8462
8100
7830
7616
7439
7290
7161
7047
6854
6696
6561
6445
6342
6251
6169
6131
5963
5825
5708
5607
5518
5367
5243
5137
5046
4966
4830
4718
4623
4541
4469
4320
4202
4105
4022
3951
3888
3782
3694
3620
3556
3499
3404
3325
3258
3200
3149
3044
2961
O
95%
1.0000
9500
9219
9025
8877
8758
8659
8574
8499
8433
8320
8226
8145
8074
8012
7955
7904
7880
7775
7687
7611
7545
7486
7386
7302
7231
7168
7112
7017
6937
6869
6809
6757
6646
6557
6482
6419
6363
6314
6229
6158
6098
6045
5998
5918
5850
5793
P
5743
5698
5605
55:30
Unit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
2222222
18.
20
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
Cumulative Improvement Factor
80%
70%
1.000
1.700
2.268
75%
1.000
1.750
65%
1.000
1.650
2045 2.155
2.578
2.405
2.758
2946 3.195
2.710
2.977 3.274 3.593
3572 3.960
4.303
3.847
4.626
4.102
4.341 4.931
4.780 5.501
5.177 6.026
5.541 6.514
6.972
5.879
6.195 7.407
6.492 7.819
6.773 8.213
3.216
3.432
3.630
3.813
4.144
4.438
4.704
4.946
5.171
5.379
6.909
8.404
1,000
1,200
1,400
60%
1.000
1.600
5.574
5.668
6.097
6.478
6.821
7.134
7.422
7.941
8401
8814
9.191
9.539
10.16
10.72
11.21
11.67
12.09
13.01
13.81
14.51
15.72
16.26
17.21
18.06
18.82
19.51
20.15
21.30
22.32
1,600
23.23
1,800
24.06
2,000 24.83
2.500
26.53
15.14
7.540
8.109
8.631
9.114
9.565
10.39
11.13
11.82
12.45
13.03
14.11
15.06
15.97
16.79
17.55
19.28
20.81
22.18
23.44
24.60
25.68
27.67
29.45
31.09
32.60
31.01
36.59
38.92
41.04
43.00
44.84
48.97
9.305
11.45
10.13
1272
10.90
13.72
11.62 1477
12.31
15.78
13.57
14.74
15.82
16.83
17.79
19.57
21.20
22.72
24.14
25.48
28.56
31.34
33.89
36.26
38.48
40.58
44.47
48.04
51.36
54.46
57.40
62.85
67.85
2.384
2946
3459
3.934
4.380
4.802
5.204
5.589
6315
6.994
7.635
8.245
8.828
9.388
9928
10.19
7249
76.85
80.96
90.39
17.67
1943
21.09
22.67
24.18
27.02
29.67
32.17
34.54
36 80
42.05
46.94
51.48
55.75
59.80
63.68
70.97
77.37
84.18
90.26
96.07
107.0
117.2
126.8
135.9
144.7
165.0
1.000
1.800
2.502
3.142
3.738
4.299
4834
5.346
5.839
6.315
7.227
8.092
8.920
9.716
10.48
11.23
11.95
12.31
14.02
15.64
17.19
18.68
20.12
22.87
25.47
27.96
30.35
32.65
37.05
41.22
45.20
49.03
52.72
61.47
69.66
77.43
84.85
91.97
98.85
112.0
124.4
136.3
1477
158.7
179.7
199.6
218.6
236.8
254.4
296.1
85%
1.000
1.850
2.623
3.345
4.031
4.688
5.322
5.936
6.533
7.116
8.244
9.331
10.38
11.41
12:40
13.38
14.33
14.80
17.09
19.29
21.43
23.50
25.51
29.41
33.17
36.80
40.32
43.75
50.39
56.78
62.95
68.95
74.79
88.83
102.2
115.1
127.6
139.7
151.5
174.2
196.1
217.3
237.9
257.9
296.6
3339
369.9
404.9
438.9
5208
90%
1.000
1.900
2.746
3.556
4.339
5.101
5.845
6.574
7.290
7.994
9.374
10.72
12.04
13.33
14.61
15.86
17.10
17.71
20.73
23.67
26.54
29.37
32.14
37.57
42.87
48.05
53.14
58.14
67.93
77.46
86.80
95.96
105.0
126.9
148.2
169.0
189.3
209.2
228.8
267.1
304.5
341.0
376.9
4122
481.2
5484
6142
678.8
7423
897.0
95%
1.000
1.950
2.872
3.774
4.662
5.538
6.404
7.261
8.111
8.955
10.62
12:27
13.91
15.52
17.13
18.72
20.31
21.10
25.00
28.86
32.68
36.47
40.22
47.65
54.99
62.25
69.45
76.59
90.71
104.7
118.5
132.1
145.7
179.2
212.2
244.8
277.0
309.0
340.6
403.3
465.3
526.5
587.2
647.4
766.6
884.2
1001
1116
1230
1513
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