Knowing that the allowable normal stress for the steel used is 23 ksi, determine the section modulus and select the most economical wide-flange beam to support the loading shown using the table given. 1.5 kips/ft 0.5 kip/ft B 18 ft Shape W21 x 44 W18 × 50 W16 × 57 W14 x 53 W12 x 72 S (in³) 81.6 88.9 92.2 77.8 97.4

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.