kis Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College ( Soil Infiltration Soil Health-Guides for Educators USDA NRCS United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Servi Soil infiltration refers to the ability of the soil to allow water to move into and through the soil profile. Infiltration allows the soil to temporarily store water, making it available for use by plants and soil organisms. The infiltration rate is a measure of how fast water enters the soil, typically expressed in inches per hour. For initial in-field assessments; however, it is more practical to express the infiltration rate as the minutes needed for a soil to absorb each inch of water applied to the surface. If the rate is too slow, it can result in ponding in level areas, surface runoff, and erosion in sloping areas and can lead to flooding or inadequate moisture for crop production. Sufficient water must infiltrate the soil profile for optimum crop production. Water that infiltrates through porous soils recharges groundwater aquifers and helps to sustain the base flow in streams. Unless properly managed, a high infiltration rate can lead to leaching of nitrate nitrogen or pesticides and loss of phosphorus from soils that have a high level of phosphorus. Management practices such as use of no-till cropping systems and use of high residue crops and cover crops can improve infiltration by increasing the soil organic matter content. Inherent Factors Affecting Soil Infiltration Soil texture, or the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, is the major inherent factor affecting infiltration. Water moves more quickly through the large ores in sandy soil than it does through the small pores in clayey soil, especially if the clay is compacted and has little or no structure or aggregation. bns. Inelnos Depending on the amount and type of clay minerals, some clayey soils develop cracks from shrinkage as they become dry. The cracks are direct conduits for water to enter the soils. Thus

kis Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College ( Soil Infiltration Soil Health-Guides for Educators USDA NRCS United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Servi Soil infiltration refers to the ability of the soil to allow water to move into and through the soil profile. Infiltration allows the soil to temporarily store water, making it available for use by plants and soil organisms. The infiltration rate is a measure of how fast water enters the soil, typically expressed in inches per hour. For initial in-field assessments; however, it is more practical to express the infiltration rate as the minutes needed for a soil to absorb each inch of water applied to the surface. If the rate is too slow, it can result in ponding in level areas, surface runoff, and erosion in sloping areas and can lead to flooding or inadequate moisture for crop production. Sufficient water must infiltrate the soil profile for optimum crop production. Water that infiltrates through porous soils recharges groundwater aquifers and helps to sustain the base flow in streams. Unless properly managed, a high infiltration rate can lead to leaching of nitrate nitrogen or pesticides and loss of phosphorus from soils that have a high level of phosphorus. Management practices such as use of no-till cropping systems and use of high residue crops and cover crops can improve infiltration by increasing the soil organic matter content. Inherent Factors Affecting Soil Infiltration Soil texture, or the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, is the major inherent factor affecting infiltration. Water moves more quickly through the large ores in sandy soil than it does through the small pores in clayey soil, especially if the clay is compacted and has little or no structure or aggregation. bns. Inelnos Depending on the amount and type of clay minerals, some clayey soils develop cracks from shrinkage as they become dry. The cracks are direct conduits for water to enter the soils. Thus

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)

9th Edition

ISBN:9780134746241

Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1LR

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Which of these practices increase and decrease infiltration rate ?how does this happen Explain the increase and decrease pls use the information from the photons to answer the question

Transcribed Image Text:A What surface Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College (is v soil Infiltration. Soil Health-Guides for Educators Q-opslenic bre SDA NRCS United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Se Soil infiltration refers to the ability of the soil to allow water to move into and through the soil profile. Infiltration allows the soil to temporarily store water, making it available for use by plants and soil organisms. The infiltration rate is a measure of how fast water enters the soil, typically expressed in inches per hour. For initial in-field assessments; however, it is more practical to express the infiltration rate as the minutes needed for a soil to absorb each inch of water applied to the surface. If the rate is too slow, it can result in ponding in level areas, surface runoff, and erosion in sloping areas and can lead to flooding or inadequate moisture for crop production. Sufficient water must infiltrate the soil profile for optimum crop production. Water that infiltrates through porous soils recharges groundwater aquifers and helps to sustain the base flow in streams. Unless properly managed, a high infiltration rate can lead to leaching of nitrate nitrogen or pesticides and loss of phosphorus from soils that have a high level of phosphorus. Management practices such as use of no-till cropping systems and use of high residue crops and cover crops can improve infiltration by increasing the soil organic matter content. Inherent Factors Affecting Soil Infiltration Soil texture, or the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, is the major inherent factor affecting infiltration. Water moves more quickly through the large ores in sandy soil than it does through the small pores in clayey soil, especially if the clay is compacted and has little or no structure or aggregation. bris eo Incinco rigiri s Depending on the amount and type of clay minerals, some clayey soils develop cracks from shrinkage as they become dry. The cracks are direct conduits for water to enter the soils. Thus, clayey soils can have a high infiltration rate when dry and a slow rate when moist (cracks close). Clayey soils that do not crack have a slow infiltration rate unless they have a high content of iron oxide (red clayey soils) or they formed in volcanic ash. Management practices that improve soil organic matter content, soil aggregation, and porosity can improve infiltration. line -gno sinoo live Management practices such as using diverse high-residue crops, maintaining residue on the soil o surface, using cover crops, and managing equipment traffic to avoid compaction affect infiltration by minimizing surface crusting and compaction and increasing soil organic matter content and porosity. Unless the soil is protected by plant or residue cover, the direct impact of raindrops dislodges soil particles, resulting in runoff and erosion. The rainfall simulator in figure 1 shows that more runoff occurs where there is less residue on the surface, increasing the risk of erosion. Dislodged soil particles fill in the surface pores, contributing to the development of a surface crust, which restricts the movement of water into the soil. Equipment use, especially on wet soils, and tillage can result in compaction. Compacted or impervious soil layers have less pore space, which restricts water movement through the soil profile. irts 9 Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switch the Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.