jj. butanamide + NaOH 1. React the carbonyl compound: It is (circle one) CONJUGATED NON-CONJUGATED The Nucleophile is Potential to Establish a Resonance System Option 1: Almost all reactions Option 2 When Nu is a strong base (OH or OR). 1 (Preferred) and the leaving group is identical to the Nu Circle the option and reason Option 1: Always use UNLESS Option 2: (Remove the a H) The Nu matches Y AND is -OR 2. Take care of the negative formal charge of the oxygen in the tetrahedral complex Option 1 (Preferred): All cases except Option 2 1 (Preferred) Option 2: If there are no leaving groups, R- or if the only potential leaving group is the Nu that was just added and it is not a very good leaving group (N or O). Circle the option and reason Option 1: Always use UNLESS Option 2: There is no leaving group (there are only carbons and hydrogens), OR there are only carbons and hydrogens except for the Nu that just added, AND the Nu is N or O. If the double bond is reformed, what criterion is used to select the leaving group? (circle one) Shells Electronegativity EWA/Resonance Charge 3. If a hydrogen atom is added instead, does the reaction continue? Yes No X or 8- HỘ-H R- -C 8+1 -R 8- Nu
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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