It is commonly observed that cigarette companies advertise too much. This can be explained by the fact that they: Multiple Choice O are pursuing a tit-for-tat strategy and are engaged in destructive behavior. seek to convince customers to switch brands and they have a dominant strategy to advertise in this case. do not know what the payoff options are.
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- Consider an oligopolistic industry with N competing firms. Suppose that these firms have no fixed costs and that they all have the same marginal costs. Each firm must choose what quantity to produce independently of each other, and all firms must choose at the same time. If we decrease the number of firms in this industry (to, for example N−1), the market price Group of answer choices A. increases B. decreases C. remains unchanged D. becomes nil E. none of the aboveHow is a Nash equilibrium outcome different from a rationalizable outcome? In a Nash equilibrium players are allowed to randomise. Rationalizable outcomes apply to dynamic games whereas Nash equilibrium does not. In a Nash equilibrium each player always has the correct conjecture about what the other player will do. Nash equilibrium only allows for unilateral changes in strategy. None of the above. No AnswerConsider a game where a potential market Entrant is trying to decide whether or not to enter the market. An Incumbent monopolist is established and can choose to cut the price, maintain the price, or raise the price in hopes of deterring the Entrant from entering. Incumbent Entrant Enter Stay Out Cut Price -4,4 0,9 Maintain Price 4,6 0,12 Raise Price 5,5 0, 13 a) Suppose the Entrant and the Incumbent make their decisions simultaneously. Is there a pure strategy Nash equilibrium? If so, what is it? b) Suppose the players move sequentially, and that the Entrant moves first. Set up the game tree and solve for the equilibrium path. Can the Incumbent deter entry? Explain. c) Now suppose that the Incumbent moves first. Again, set up the game tree. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium outcome now? Can the Incumbent deter entry now?
- Two firms produce a homogeneous good and compete in price. Prices can only take integer values. The demand curve is Q = 6 p, where p denotes the lower of the two prices. The lower - priced firm meets all the market demand. If the two firms post the same price p, each one gets half the market demand at that price, i. e., each gets (6p)/2. Production cost is zero.a) Show that the best response to your rival posting a price of 6 is to post the monopoly price of 3. What is the best response against a rival's price of 4? of 5?N: $30 V: $130 High price New firm N: $50 V: $100 Low price Advertise Verizon N: $60 V: $140 Do not advertise Expand High price New New firm firm Low price N: $70 V: $90 Do not N: $30 V: $170 The figure shown displays the choices that could be made by Verizon and a new firm in the industry. The payoffs are the profits (in millions) these companies will earn as a result of their choices. What will be the outcome of this game? Multiple Choice The new firm will expand; Verizon will advertise; the new firm will choose high prices. The new firm will expand; Verizon will advertise; the new firm will choose low prices. The new firm will expand; Verizon will not advertise; the new firm will choose high prices. The new firm will not expand. еxpandAjax's Advertising Strategy Small Large Budget Budget Large $800 $600 Budget $800 $1200 Small $1200 $1000 Budget $600 $1000 Refer to the game theory matrix, where the numerical data show the profits resulting from alternative combinations of advertising strategies for Ajax and Acme. Ajax's profits are shown in the upper right part of each cell; Acme's profits are shown in the lower left. Without collusion, the outcome of the game is cell Acme's Advertising Strategy D.
- AP CollegeBoard Test Booklet Unit 4 Problem Set Include correctly labeled diagrams, if useful or required, in explaining your answers. A correctly labeled diagram must have all axes and curves clearly labeled and must show directional changes. If the question prompts you to “Calculate," you must show how you arrived at your final answer. Use the graph provided below to answer parts (a)-(e). Marginal Cost Average Total Cost Average Variable Cost 108 100 55 Demand 0 10 21 31 44 57 77 Quantity Marginal Revenue BigMed, a profit-maximizing firm, has a patent on a medical device, making it the only producer of that device. The graph above shows BigMed's demand, marginal revenue, average total cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost curves. (a) Calculate BigMed's total revenue if the firm produces the allocatively efficient quantity. Show your work. (b) Starting at a price of $100, if BigMed were to increase the price by 2%, will the quantity demanded decrease by more than 2%, by less…A country’s market for new motor vehicles is dominated completely by two firms, Fastcars Ltd and Slowcars Ltd. Market revenue is fixed at $10 billion. Each firm can choose whether to advertise. Advertising costs $1 billion for each firm that advertises. If one firm advertises and the other does not, then the firm that advertises receives 100% of market revenue and pays for its advertising. If both firms advertise, they split the market revenue 50:50 and pay for their respective advertising. If neither advertises, they split the market revenue 50:50 but without the expense of advertising. a) What strategy would you advise that Fastcars Ltd should follow? b) What would you predict will be the strategy chosen by each firm? c) Is there an outcome that would make both firms better off? In case you find that there is such an outcome, is it achievable?Mr Bond and Mrs Bond each pick an integer between 1 and 5 (inclusive). They make their choices simultaneously. If they pick the same number each receives a payoff equal to the number they named. If they pick a different number, they get nothing. a.To choose the same number is a dominant strategy b.There are 5 Nash equilibrium in pure strategies c.The equilibrium is in dominant strategies d.All responses are correct
- Expert Q&A Done Suppose there is a small town with two high-end restaurants. Suppose additionally that a major convention is coming to town. The restaurants are deciding whether to create print advertising to distribute at the convention in.order.to advertise their restaurant. If they both advertise, the advertising will cancel and both restaurants will get the same amount of business as if they had not advertised, so the advertising expense will have been wasted, If they both choose not to advertise, they will save the cost of advertising. • If one advertises and the other does not, the advertising restaurant will pull business away from its competitor and will end up with higher revenue. The payoff matrix is below. Restaurant A Advertise Dont Advertise A's Economic Profit =-$3000 A's Economic Profit B's Economic Profit = 0 B's Economic Profit -$3000 A's Economic Profit = $3000 A's Economic Profit = $1000 B's Economic Profit -$3000 B's Economic Proft - $1000 a) Is there a dominant…An existing firm offers to supply one unit of a good to a potential buyer by writing a contract in period 1 for delivery in period 2. The contract specifies a price of $210 and a breach of contract fee of $150. The buyer would be willing to pay $330 and the existing firm has a marginal cost of $120. A potential entrant firm has costs uniformly distributed and competes in Bertrand competition with the existing firm if entry occurs. It is known that the entrant's costs are less than or equal to $240. How much extra profit would the entrant earn if there were no contract in place between the existing firm and the buyer? Select one: O a. $31.50 O b. none of the other answers O c. $28.50 O d. $25.50 O e. $22.50The following market is a duopoly populated only by the companies Alpha and Beta. The pay-off matrix immediately below shows the combinations of pricing strategies available to the two companies. The numbers represent millions of dollars in profit. (The negative sign indicates a loss.) Assuming Beta has a first mover advantage, in a one-shot game, what is liekly to be the Nash equilibrium? Explain your answer. Alpha High price Low price High price 250, 200 200, 100 Beta Low price 50, 150 100, 250