Is it possible that monopoly regulation through the establishment of a maximum price results in an increase in social welfare and generates the appearance of unsatisfied demand (excess demand)? Illustrate your answer with graphs and discuss them.
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- Graphically show a monopoly firm that currently sells 250 units of output at a price of $60/unit, where the marginal revenue of the 250th unit is $40, the marginal cost of the 250th unit is $50, and the average total cost at 250 units is $60. [Hint: Based on the information given, is the quantity you’re asked to show the profit-maximizing quantity? Think about what has to be true for profit-maximization.] Based on the graph and assuming the firm attempts to profit maximize (and succeeds), what would happen to price, quantity, MR, MC, and ATC? (rise, fall, or stay the same?)The table below shows cost data for producing different amounts of cleaning products. Suppose this market is a monopoly. Use the information in the table to find the output where the monopoly would maximize profit. Price ($) Quantity Total Revenue ($) Total Cost ($) 150 0 0 100 120 5 600 180 100 10 1000 400 90 15 1350 675 80 20 1600 1120 70 25 1750 1750 Profit maximizing quantity: What is the profit the monopoly achieved? $Monopoly: Work It Out Earlier we mentioned the special case of a monopoly where MC = 0. Let’s find the firm’s best choice when more goods can be produced at no extra cost. Since so much e‑commerce is close to this model—where the fixed cost of inventing the product and satisfying government regulators is the only cost that matters—the MC = 0 case will be more important in the future than it was in the past. For each demand curve, calculate the profit-maximizing level of output and price as well as the monopolist's profit. a. ?=200−?P=200−Q, fixed cost = 1,000. Profit‑maximizing output Q = Profit‑maximizing price P = $ Monopolist's profit: $ b. ?=4,000−?P=4,000−Q, fixed cost = 900,000 (Driving the point home from part a) Profit‑maximizing output Q = Profit‑maximizing price P = $ Monopolist's profit: $ c. ?=120−12?P=120−12Q, fixed cost = 1,000…
- Assume that one of the hot dog vendors successfully lobbies the city council to obtain the exclusive right to sell hot dogs within the city limits. This firm buys up all the rest of the hot dog vendors in the city and operates as a monopoly. Assume that this change doesn't affect demand and that the new monopoly's marginal cost curve corresponds exactly to the supply curve on the previous graph. Under this assumption, the following graph shows the demand (D), marginal revenue (MR), and marginal cost (MC) curves for the monopoly firm. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity of a monopolist. PRICE (Dollars per hot dog) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 45 Monopoly MC MR 90 135 180 225 270 315 QUANTITY (Hot dogs) D 360 405 450 Monopoly Outcome Deadweight Loss ?On the following graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity. Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to shade the profit, the green points (triangle symbol) to shade the consumer surplus, and the black points (plus symbol) to shade the deadweight loss in this market without price discrimination. (Note: If you decide that consumer surplus, profit, or deadweight loss equals zero, indicate this by leaving that element in its original position on the palette.) PRICE (Dollars per pair of Stompers) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 + 80 MR Demand MC = ATC + 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 QUANTITY (Pairs of Stompers) Monopoly Outcome Δ Consumer Surplus Profit Deadweight Loss ?Suppose a monopoly is producing at its profit-maximising (loss-minimizing) quantity, and the price corresponding to this quantity is below average total cost but above average variable cost. The monopoly will shut down in the short run but return to production in the long run shut down in the short run and exit the market in the long run keep producing both in the short run and in the long run keep producing in the short run but exit the market in the long run None of the above.
- Draw the graph for a monopoly earning a positive economic profit. Suppose the government institutes a per unit tax on the good produced by the monopoly (consider the impact it will have on the cost curves). On the graph, show how this will affect the monopoly’s profit maximizing level of output and the price charged by the monopoly. Draw and Label Price Axis, Quantity Axis, Demand Curve, Marginal Revenue Curve, Marginal Cost Curve, Average Total Cost Curve, New Marginal Cost Curve, New ATC Curve, Qm, MR=MC, MR=MC1 Qm1, Pm, Pm1, ATC point, ATC1 point, Deadweight Loss, Total Revenue, Total Cost, ProfitThe figure to the right shows the market demand for electricity and the average total cost and marginal cost of producing electricity for a utility company. Suppose the utility company is a regulated natural monopoly. If government regulators want to achieve economic efficiency, then they will regulate a price of $ per kilowatt hour. (Enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to two decimal places) Now suppose instead that government regulators want to eat the lowest price such that the utility company will not suffer a loss so that it will continue to produce in the long run. If so, then i government regulators will set a price of $ per kilowatt hour. Price and cost (dollars per kilowatt hour) 0.52 048 044- 040- 0.36 0324 0.26 0.24 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.06 004 0.00+ ATC MC 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Quantity of kilowatt hours (in billions)The three graphs below illustrate the market for electricity. The distribution of electricity is a natural monopoly; therefore, to take advantage of lower production costs, it is efficient to have only one firm in the market. Unfortunately, if a monopoly were allowed to provide electricity, it would charge a higher price and provide a smaller amount of electricity than would be desirable. In other words, the unregulated monopoly would charge the monopoly's profit-maximizing price. To avoid this, the government will allow a single firm to provide electricity, but the government will regulate the price. Let’s compare possible regulatory solutions.
- Suppose a monopolist faces a market demand that is the first two columns in the table below. Also, in the short run, assume that Total Fixed Cost equals $100 and the monopolist has Total Variable Cost according to the table. Find Total Revenue for each price and quantity combination, and then Marginal Revenue as price falls and quantity increases. Fill in the rest of the costs in the table and find profit at each price and quantity combination as the difference between Total Revenue and Total Cost. If profit is less than zero that indicates a loss. What is the maximum profit you found in this table? At what quantity and price combination is profit maximized for this monopolist?Which of the following methods would help society deal with a monopoly? Method Drag appropriate answer(s) here Require the firm to lower the costs so the market price will fall. Regulate the socially efficient price and subsidize any loss to the firm. Increase tariffs on monopoly firms in other countries. Not a Method +# Shut down the firm. Prevent the firm from buying all possible competitors in the market. Drag appropriate answer(s) here +For a monopoly, why is marginal revenue less than price? a) If a monopoly wishes to increase sales, it must raise the price to all customers. The impact of the price effect alone causes marginal revenue to be less than price. b) If a monopoly wishes to increase sales, it must lower the price to all customers. The impact of the quantity effect alone causes marginal revenue to be less than price. If a monopoly wishes to increase sales, it must lower the price to all customers. The marginal revenue will be less than the price because of the impact of the price effect working with the quantity effect. d) If a monopoly wishes to increase sales, it must raise the price to all customers. The impact of the price effect, working with the quantity effect, causes marginal revenue to be less than price. If a monopoly wishes to increase sales, it must lower the price to all customers. The impact of the price effect alone causes marginal revenue to be less than price.