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Inside each Arduino there is an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). This component can convert an analog signal value to a digital representation. ADCS come in a variety of ranges, accuracies, and resolutions. The integrated models from the Uno, Leonardo, and other normal Arduinos have a 10-bit resolution. This means that a voltage between 0 and 5 V on 5V Arduinos will be represented by a corresponding value between 0 and 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer, otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good.

Inside each Arduino there is an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). This component can convert an analog signal value to a digital representation. ADCS come in a variety of ranges, accuracies, and resolutions. The integrated models from the Uno, Leonardo, and other normal Arduinos have a 10-bit resolution. This means that a voltage between 0 and 5 V on 5V Arduinos will be represented by a corresponding value between 0 and 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer, otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good.

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Visit your local library (at school or home) and describe the extent to which it provides literature...
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Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Class number: Date: Schedule: How it works? Inside each Arduino there is an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). This component can convert an analog signal value to a digital representation. ADCs come in a variety of ranges, accuracies, and resolutions. The integrated models from the Uno, Leonardo, and other normal Arduinos have a 10-bit resolution. This means that a voltage between 0 and 5 V on 5V Arduinos will be represented by a corresponding value between 0 and 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer; otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good. F. OBSERVATIONS 6/7 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer, otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good. F. OBSERVATIONS Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: G. CONCLUSIONS H. POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. What is the maximum value of the potentiometer? 2. What project can you do using potentiometer? Discuss briefly. Schedule: Class number: Date:
Transcribed Image Text:Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Class number: Date: Schedule: How it works? Inside each Arduino there is an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). This component can convert an analog signal value to a digital representation. ADCs come in a variety of ranges, accuracies, and resolutions. The integrated models from the Uno, Leonardo, and other normal Arduinos have a 10-bit resolution. This means that a voltage between 0 and 5 V on 5V Arduinos will be represented by a corresponding value between 0 and 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer; otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good. F. OBSERVATIONS 6/7 1023. A voltage of 2.5 V will be equal to 512, which is half of the range. We should never exceed the maximum voltage of the board on the analog inputs. In most boards, this is 5 V, but on the Due and a few others, the voltage can be 3.3 V. Let's see how the code works in the code breakdown. A potentiometer works by adjusting the conductor length between the central and side terminals. It is recommended to use a high-resistance potentiometer, otherwise, a lot of current will pass through, heating it up. Any value over 10K ohm should be good. F. OBSERVATIONS Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: G. CONCLUSIONS H. POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. What is the maximum value of the potentiometer? 2. What project can you do using potentiometer? Discuss briefly. Schedule: Class number: Date:
2. Give some examples where Potentiometer are being used in our daily lives C. MATERIALS/INSTRUMENTS 1x Breadboard • 1x Arduino Uno R3 • 1x USB AB Cable/Printer Cable • 1x LED • 1x 3300 Resistor . 1x 10k Potentiometer • Jumper Wires D. PROCEDURES The circuit of this interactive potentiometer is prototyped on a breadboard. LED are interfaced with the Arduino and together with the potentiometer. 1. Mount the resistor of LED and Potentiometer on the breadboard. Connect one end of the 330 ohms resistor to a digital pin on the Arduino board using a jumper wire. 2. Mount the LED on the breadboard. Connect the anode (+) pin of the LED to the available pin on the resistor. We can determine the anode on the LED in two ways. Usually, the longer pin is the anode. Another way is to look for the flat edge on the outer casing of the LED. The pin next to the flat edge is the cathode (-). Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Class number: Date: Schedule: 3. Connect the LED cathode (-) to the Arduino GND using jumper wires 4. Mount the potentiometer on the breadboard and connect one terminal to the 5V of Arduino and the other to analog pin on the Arduino. 5. Open the Arduino IDE and code your program using appropriate reserved words and declaration. Make sure that the code is based on the circuit layout or arduino pins used in the project. 6. Connect the USB AB Cable on the computer and arduino. 7. Upload the code in the Arduino. Make sure that the right Arduino Board and Port is being selected in the Tools Menu of Arduino IDE. E. COMPUTATIONS/CIRCUIT DIAGRAM/PROGRAMMING CODE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Laboratory title: Potentiometer Learning Targets: 1. Develop an Arduino code to interact using potentiometer 2. Demonstrate the circuit layout and connections of the whole system A. INTRODUCTION A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Potentiometers consist of a resistive element, a sliding contact (wiper) that moves along the element, making good electrical contact with one part of it, electrical terminals at each end of the element, a mechanism that moves the wiper from one end to the other, and a housing containing the element and wiper. Many inexpensive potentiometers are constructed with a resistive element (B in cutaway drawing) formed into an arc of a circle usually a little less than a full turn and a wiper (C) sliding on this element when rotated, making electrical contact. The resistive element can be flat or angled. Each end of the resistive element is connected to a terminal (E, G) on the case. The wiper is connected to a third terminal (F), usually between the other two. On panel potentiometers, the wiper is usually the center terminal of three. For single-turn potentiometers, this wiper typically travels just under one revolution around the contact. The only point of ingress for contamination is the narrow space between the shaft and the housing it rotates in. Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Schedule: D B E Cutaway drawing potentiometer showing parts: (A) shaft, (B) stationary carbon composition resistance element, (C) phosphor bronze wiper, (D) shaft attached to wiper, (E, G) terminals connected to ends of resistance element, (F) terminal connected to wiper. A mechanical stop (H) prevents rotation past end points. Applications Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant amounts of power (more than a watt or so). Instead they are used to adjust the level of analog signals (for example volume controls audio equipment), and as control inputs for electronic circuits. For example, a light dimmer uses a potentiometer to control the switching of a TRIAC and so indirectly to control the brightness of lamps. Preset potentiometers are widely used throughout electronics wherever adjustments must be made during manufacturing or servicing. User-actuated potentiometers are widely used as user controls, and may control a very wide variety of equipment functions. The widespread use of potentiometers in consumer electronics declined in the 1990s, with rotary incremental encoders, up/down push-buttons, and other digital controls now more common. However they remain in many applications, such as volume controls and as position sensors. H- A Class number: Date:
Transcribed Image Text:2. Give some examples where Potentiometer are being used in our daily lives C. MATERIALS/INSTRUMENTS 1x Breadboard • 1x Arduino Uno R3 • 1x USB AB Cable/Printer Cable • 1x LED • 1x 3300 Resistor . 1x 10k Potentiometer • Jumper Wires D. PROCEDURES The circuit of this interactive potentiometer is prototyped on a breadboard. LED are interfaced with the Arduino and together with the potentiometer. 1. Mount the resistor of LED and Potentiometer on the breadboard. Connect one end of the 330 ohms resistor to a digital pin on the Arduino board using a jumper wire. 2. Mount the LED on the breadboard. Connect the anode (+) pin of the LED to the available pin on the resistor. We can determine the anode on the LED in two ways. Usually, the longer pin is the anode. Another way is to look for the flat edge on the outer casing of the LED. The pin next to the flat edge is the cathode (-). Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Class number: Date: Schedule: 3. Connect the LED cathode (-) to the Arduino GND using jumper wires 4. Mount the potentiometer on the breadboard and connect one terminal to the 5V of Arduino and the other to analog pin on the Arduino. 5. Open the Arduino IDE and code your program using appropriate reserved words and declaration. Make sure that the code is based on the circuit layout or arduino pins used in the project. 6. Connect the USB AB Cable on the computer and arduino. 7. Upload the code in the Arduino. Make sure that the right Arduino Board and Port is being selected in the Tools Menu of Arduino IDE. E. COMPUTATIONS/CIRCUIT DIAGRAM/PROGRAMMING CODE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Laboratory title: Potentiometer Learning Targets: 1. Develop an Arduino code to interact using potentiometer 2. Demonstrate the circuit layout and connections of the whole system A. INTRODUCTION A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Potentiometers consist of a resistive element, a sliding contact (wiper) that moves along the element, making good electrical contact with one part of it, electrical terminals at each end of the element, a mechanism that moves the wiper from one end to the other, and a housing containing the element and wiper. Many inexpensive potentiometers are constructed with a resistive element (B in cutaway drawing) formed into an arc of a circle usually a little less than a full turn and a wiper (C) sliding on this element when rotated, making electrical contact. The resistive element can be flat or angled. Each end of the resistive element is connected to a terminal (E, G) on the case. The wiper is connected to a third terminal (F), usually between the other two. On panel potentiometers, the wiper is usually the center terminal of three. For single-turn potentiometers, this wiper typically travels just under one revolution around the contact. The only point of ingress for contamination is the narrow space between the shaft and the housing it rotates in. Microprocessor Laboratory 5 Name: Section: Schedule: D B E Cutaway drawing potentiometer showing parts: (A) shaft, (B) stationary carbon composition resistance element, (C) phosphor bronze wiper, (D) shaft attached to wiper, (E, G) terminals connected to ends of resistance element, (F) terminal connected to wiper. A mechanical stop (H) prevents rotation past end points. Applications Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant amounts of power (more than a watt or so). Instead they are used to adjust the level of analog signals (for example volume controls audio equipment), and as control inputs for electronic circuits. For example, a light dimmer uses a potentiometer to control the switching of a TRIAC and so indirectly to control the brightness of lamps. Preset potentiometers are widely used throughout electronics wherever adjustments must be made during manufacturing or servicing. User-actuated potentiometers are widely used as user controls, and may control a very wide variety of equipment functions. The widespread use of potentiometers in consumer electronics declined in the 1990s, with rotary incremental encoders, up/down push-buttons, and other digital controls now more common. However they remain in many applications, such as volume controls and as position sensors. H- A Class number: Date:
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