Influenza virus Nucleus Receptor Epithelial cell The cel engults the virus by endocytosis Influenza vrus beoomes attached to a target epithelial cel New viral particles are made and Viral contents are released. Viral MRNA IS used 10 make vira proteins. released into the extracelular fluid Viral RNA enters the nudeus The cell which is not kiled in the process continues to make new wrus. where it is replicated by the viral RNA polymerase Figure 17.6 In influenza virus infection, glycoproteins attach to a host epithelial cell. As a result, the virus is engulfed. RNA and proteins are made and assembled into new virions. Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?

Q: Certain drugs to combat human viral diseases affect spike glycoproteinsin the viral envelope.…

A: A virus is a very tiny microorganism that does not have the capacity to survive on its own and…

Q: Medications that prevent and treat influenza by binding to neuraminidase on the viral surface act…

A: Influenza is a respiratory system (lungs, throat, and nose) based viral infection. In severe cases,…

Q: Discuss the following statement: “Viruses exist in the twilight zone of life: outside cells they are…

A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms.…

Q: A viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the…

A: A virus consists of three basic structures, an outer protein coating(capsid), an outer protein…

Q: D) polyhedral The first step in viral infection is the recognition between the virus and the host…

A: The virus is a microscopic organism that infects other cells to survive. The virus can only…

Q: Describe two mechanisms a virus might use to prevent the induction of apoptosis in an infected cell.

A: Apoptosis is the most typical form of cell death that is operated by a series of events controlled…

Q: When transmitting a virus to the next host, they usually talk about horizontal and vertical…

A: Virus -  it is the connective link between live and alive  And it is inactive outside the cell

Q: A patient is diagnosed with a viral infection, and the doctor wants to determine whether the virus…

A: Viruses causes various diseases in animal, human and plants. They are intracellular parasites.…

Q: Which of the following is an example of virus-encoded molecules modifying signal transduction…

A: The question is asking for an example of how virus-encoded molecules can modify signal transduction…

Q: You have discovered a new disease-causing virus. It has a negative sense RNA genome. Infected…

A: Viruses are thought to be a connecting link between living and nonliving world. It has only a…

Q: What is an envelope? What are spikes (peplomers)? Why do some enveloped viruses have pleomorphic…

A: A virus is a microorganism that has an infectious property. It cannot reproduce by itself.

Q: virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors

A: virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway…

Q: Rhinovirus, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped…

A: Viral envelope is a loose membranous covering that occurs in some animal viruses, rarely plants and…

Q: What component is common for all viruses? a) Ribosome b) DNA c) RNA d) A protein coat e) A…

A: Virus An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is…

Q: latch each stage of the viral replication cycle with the one definition that best describes it. The…

A: Introduction answer

Q: Viruses cannot reproduce on their own, without the help of a living cell. Explain the basics of how…

A: A virus is an acellular nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a…

Q: Viruses replicate by entering a cell and using the host cell's enzymes to produce more copies of…

A: 1- Volume of sphere- 4/3πr3 2- Volume of cylinder= πr2 h Diameter= 2r Here: π=3.14 r=radius of…

Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…

A: We have to explain What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? And What is the function of the…

Q: The cell is the basic unit of all living things, and viruses which are generally not considered…

A: The process of discriminating between various biological structures aid in understanding the…

Q: Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected…

A: Statement (i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles is only limited to lytic cycle…

Q: A lytic bacteriophage produces Lysozyme and Holin, which causes a host cell to lyse. At which point…

A: Bacteriophage A bacteriophage is described as a bacteria-infected by a virus (bacteria + phage or…

Q: The second step in viral replication is entry. For bacteriophage, entry usually involves: O a)…

A: A virus is an obligate parasite which have small piece of genetic material. This genetic material…

Q: ach virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are tangible objects that appear under a microscope. Large groups of…

Q: Which of the following hypothetical viruses could NOT replicate in a host cell? It assumes that…

A: The correct answer would be option A i.e., the virus has ssDNA genome and replicates in the…

Q: Why would viral genome integration into host cell integration be advantageous to a virus? It…

A: Viruses can be defined as a noncellular entities which consist of either DNA or RNA ,enclosed in a…

Q: The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other…

A: Viruses have genetic material either DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protein coat. They require…

Q: A viral envelope performs many of the same physiological roles as the cell membrane of a cell such…

A: Viral envelope - The envelope which surrounds the capsid of virus and is obtained from the host cell…

Q: A virus replicates itself by attaching itself to a: a.) tissue b.) cell C.) organ d.) organism

A: The term virus was given by Pasture which means poison. Viruses are not the cells neither they have…

Q: In retroviruses, transcription of the provirus: A) converts viral RNA into viral DNA B) does not…

A: Retroviruses possess RNA as genetic material. When it enters host cells, it's RNA gets converted…

Q: Once inside the host cell, viruses such as MHV must be moved towards organelles such as the ER or…

A: A virus is an infection small agent which can multiply inside living cells of plants, animals and…

Q: Which of the following components of a virus is NOT encoded by its own genome? O capsid of HIV O…

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that primarily infects human immune cells,…

Q: Viruses may be latent for a long period of time. For example, HIV may be latent for many years,…

A: The ability of the virus to stay dormant in a cell is called viral or virus latency. This is the…

Q: Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects a…

A: Question -Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…

Q: Can you pick a virus and describe the  structure and metabolism of the virus.  For the virus,…

A: Viruses are non-living entities and as such do not inherently have their own metabolism. However,…

Q: Some viruses can undergo lysis or lysogeny even in the same host. What might be a reason for this?…

A: Lysogeny Life cycle that takes place when a bacteriophage infects certain types of bacteria

Q: Which statement is true of viral replication?  A)  virus attaches to a specific receptor site on…

A: A virus is a non-cellular, infectious entity that is minuscule in size and can survive by surviving…

Q: Which structure of a virus protects it from degradation, contains its genome, and enables it to be…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism that vary in size and shape and cause harmful infectious diseases.…

Q: Why does a virus need a host cell?

A: The submicroscopic organisms are called viruses.

Q: The 1918 influenza strain killed millions of people world-wide. After recovering virus from…

A: The influenza virus, which infects the respiratory tract, causes influenza. The influenza virus is…

Q: After replication at the site of entry, some viruses remain localized, while others disseminate.…

A: The correct answer is: Presence of a lipid membrane on the virion.Here's why:Presence of a lipid…

Q: we can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by…

A: The virus life cycle in a host involves few stages: they are: Aattachment of phage to the surface…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.