Indicate whether the following generalizations suggest a positive or negative relationship. Also speculate about whether or not these generalizations reflect simple cause-effect relationships.    Preschool children who delay gratification (postponing eating one marshmallow to win two) subsequently receive higher teacher evaluations of adolescent competencies.    College students who take longer to finish a test perform more poorly on that test.    Heavy smokers have shorter life expectancies.    Infants who experience longer durations of breastfeeding score higher on IQ tests in later childhood.

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