### Determining Oxidation States of Elements in CompoundsWhen studying chemical compounds, it's essential to understand the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of each element in the compound. The oxidation state refers to the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Below are examples of how to determine the oxidation states for the given compounds:---#### b) CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)- **Carbon (C):** - Oxygen (O) generally has an oxidation state of -2. - In CO₂, there are two oxygen atoms, each with an oxidation state of -2. - Total oxidation state contributed by oxygen = 2(-2) = -4. - To balance this, the oxidation state of carbon must be +4. - Therefore, the oxidation state of carbon in CO₂ is +4.- **Oxygen (O):** - As mentioned, oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2. - Since there are two oxygen atoms in CO₂, each oxygen atom maintains an oxidation state of -2.#### e) CH₄ (Methane)- **Carbon (C):** - In methane, each hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1. - There are four hydrogen atoms, thus contributing a total of 4(+1) = +4. - To balance this, the oxidation state of carbon must be -4. - Therefore, the oxidation state of carbon in CH₄ is -4.- **Hydrogen (H):** - Generally, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1. - Since there are four hydrogen atoms in CH₄, each hydrogen atom maintains an oxidation state of +1.---By identifying the oxidation states of each element in various compounds, one can gain deeper insights into the chemical characteristics and reactivity of these compounds. Understanding oxidation states is fundamental in redox reactions, analysis of chemical bonding, and various applications in chemistry.

Given compounds are carbon dioxide and methane CO2 - carbon dioxide and CH4 - methane

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Indicate the oxidation state of every individual element in the following compounds. b. CO2 e. CH4

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### Determining Oxidation States of Elements in Compounds

When studying chemical compounds, it's essential to understand the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of each element in the compound. The oxidation state refers to the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Below are examples of how to determine the oxidation states for the given compounds:

---

#### b) CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)

- **Carbon (C):**
- Oxygen (O) generally has an oxidation state of -2.
- In CO₂, there are two oxygen atoms, each with an oxidation state of -2.
- Total oxidation state contributed by oxygen = 2(-2) = -4.
- To balance this, the oxidation state of carbon must be +4.
- Therefore, the oxidation state of carbon in CO₂ is +4.

- **Oxygen (O):**
- As mentioned, oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2.
- Since there are two oxygen atoms in CO₂, each oxygen atom maintains an oxidation state of -2.

#### e) CH₄ (Methane)

- **Carbon (C):**
- In methane, each hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1.
- There are four hydrogen atoms, thus contributing a total of 4(+1) = +4.
- To balance this, the oxidation state of carbon must be -4.
- Therefore, the oxidation state of carbon in CH₄ is -4.

- **Hydrogen (H):**
- Generally, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1.
- Since there are four hydrogen atoms in CH₄, each hydrogen atom maintains an oxidation state of +1.

---

By identifying the oxidation states of each element in various compounds, one can gain deeper insights into the chemical characteristics and reactivity of these compounds. Understanding oxidation states is fundamental in redox reactions, analysis of chemical bonding, and various applications in chemistry.

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