In this scenario, we'll be discussing the Xtina gene, which encodes the Xtina protein. Xtina is involved in the process of regulating cell division in mice. Listed below is a critical regulatory portion of the Xtina promoter sequence. 3.. A CG c G C GI G T A T A ...5' While synthesizing the complimentary daughter strand during DNA replication, there's been a single transition event at the underlined position to create a mismatch. What would be the resulting basepair at this position? O T-G O T-C O C-A O A-G
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- 1. enzymes that catalyze histone acetlation are closesly associated with transription factors, which are proteins that promote transcription. why is this a good biochemical strategy? 2. sp1 is a sqeuence specific human DNA binding protein that binds to a region on the DNA called the GC box, a promoter element with the sequence GGGCGG. Binding of Sp1 to the GC box enhances RNA polymerase 2 activity 50- to a 100 fold. How would you use affinity chromatography to purify SP1?DNA Leading strand: 5' AAA ATA | CGC TTT| TTA ATT | AAC CCC GGG 3' A I B IC| D Exons: A, C, D Introns: B 1. What is the structure of hnRNA transcribed from this template? 2. What is the structure of the MRNA obtained by splicing the hnRNA? 3. What will be the polypeptide sequence to be synthesized using this mRNA?4.1 Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6)4.2. During the activation of eukaryotic transcription the promoter region needs to be accessible for the binding of transcription factors. Describe in detail one of the mechanisms involved in this process.
- www D le C 3⁰ A B Indicate True (T) or False (F) for the following statements. Only use the letter (T/F) in the space provided 1. The name of this process is best known as Rho dependent termination 2. The enzyme C called DNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides into B called the mRNA False 3. The DNA region A contains inverted palindrome sequences which results in formation of a stem-loops structure 4. During this process, the structure D called terminating hairpin forms and increases the enzyme affinity which terminates transcription(1) Give 3 differences between DNA and RNA (2) Give 2 similarities and 2 differences between transcription and replication (3) A DNA strand is 5' TAC ACG GTC TAA3' Write the RNA strand that could be made from the DNA strand. Indicate the 5' and 3' ends For each of the following, say whether they are DNA or protein Enhancer Transcription Factor Promoter RNA polymerase5. The following DNA nucleotides are found near the end of a bacterial transcription unit. 3-AGCATACAGCAGACCGTTGGTCTGAAAAAAAAGCATACA-5' Draw a diagram of the RNA that will be transcribed from this DNA, including its nucleotide sequence and any secondary structures that form. a. b. Suppose that the string of A nucleotides following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent terminator were deleted but that the inverted repeat was left intact. How will this deletion affect termination? What will happen when RNA polymerase reaches this region?
- Why is transcriptionally active chromatin ∼10 times more susceptible to cleavage by DNase I than transcriptionally silent chromatin?In mammalian cells, genes that are expressed in a particular cell are reported to undergo replication during the first half of S phase, and genes not ex- pressed in that cell are replicated in the latter half of S phase. Briefly describe an experiment that could lead to this conclusion. You might consider ap- proaches that involve 5-bromouracil incorporation.1. (a) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to sup- press synthesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix - reverse turn - helix region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA binding motif of the Prl protein. A diagram of the trp repressor dimer is also shown. Trp Prl Trp Prl 80 -Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ile- -Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr-Val- trp helix 5 70 trp helix 4 Prl helix 80 Prl helix Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser-Asn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala- Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg- reverse turn 90 Comparing the two protein sequences above, identify all amino acid pairs that differ in electrostatic charge due to proton dissociable groups (assume pH 7). Indicate the charge of both residues for each such pair. (b) Circle the pair of residues for which the electrostatic charge due to…
- Eukaryotic Genetic Sequence: 5'-TAC CAT GAT CCC TAT - 3' 1. What would be the newly synthesized DNA strand and explain how the strand will be replicated. Where in the cell would this occur? 2. What would be the synthesized mRNA strand, and how is it transcribed from the original DNA strand, and then converted from a pre-mRNA strand to a mature mRNA? Where in the cell does this occur? 3. What would be the anti-codons for the tRNA. What are the amino acids generated based on the RNA. How are these amino acids translated into protein and where in the cell does this happen?5 5 S 6 5 5 5 6 U 6 U 6 5:14 PM | 0.2KB/s HHHHH R R U RUUR ARU AP AP R U U R R AP R R R AP MOLECULAR...GENETICS. Describe gene regulation at transcription level. Explain the role of antsense RNA in control mechanism. Describe translational control mechanisms. Describe common DNA damages. Distinguish excision and mismatch repair. Describe the role of recA protein in recombination repair Elaborate on SOS repair mechanism. Define thymine dimer. How are they formed and repaired? Describe the molecular basis of mutation. 11 Leu+ Met+ Arg+ Write a detailed note on spontaneous mutation. Explain about mutant detection methods. Define reverse mutation. Describe the mechanism underlying Intragenic and intergenic suppressor mutations Describe the transposition mechanisms. 13 Vo LTE UNIT IV Time (Min) Describe the process of generalised transformation occurring in bacterial chromosome and plasmid. Elaborate on molecular mechanism and significance of transformation 22 Describe the process of…1. Certain proteins that stimulate expression of a gene bind to DNA in a sequence specific manner and also induce conformational changes in the DNA. Describe the purpose of thses two modes of interaction with the DNA. 2. Draw the structures of the amino acid side chains that correspond to the following histone modification: a) acetylation of lysine; b) phosphorylation of serine; c) phosphorylation of histidine. How do thses modifications change the character of their respective side chain?