In the Galapagos islands lives a species of penguin that exists nowhere else on the planet. This species began when some penguins from the south got caught in an ocean current that deposited them at the Galapagos islands thousands of years ago. This species of penguin has a high amount of inbreeding as denoted by a high inbreeding coefficient (F). What is most likely the cause of such high values for F in this species? 1.Natural selection is very strong in small populations and is removing genetic diversity from the penguin populations. 2.The founder effect is at play. Since the population was so small to begin with, genetic variation is low and inbreeding is high.

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.