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1. How can you detect an allele that is undergoing strong positive selection?

1. How can you detect an allele that is undergoing strong positive selection?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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States) 80 3 4 Linkage disequilibrium 1. How can you detect an allele that is undergoing strong positive selection? 2. Consider two loci (locus 1 with alleles A and a, and locus 2 with alleles B and b) with allele frequencies p = 0.4 and s= 0.7. a) What are the expected gamete frequencies if the two loci are in linkage equilibrium? p = 0.4 P(AB) = p(ab) = p(AB) = p(aB) = Accessibility: Unavailable b) What is the value Doux assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium? Hint: it is the smaller value between the two products of allele frequencies. Q c). Calculate the gametic frequencies assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium (Hint: remember that D is used to measure the deviation from random association between alleles at the two loci 1 and 2, so that for gamete AB for example, D = p(AB) - p*s). F4 q= % 5 9 F5 S = 0.7 ^ p(Ab) = p(ab) = 6 p(Ab) = p(ab) = MacBook Air F6 t = & 7 F7 * 8 DII F8 9 Focus F9 0
Transcribed Image Text:States) 80 3 4 Linkage disequilibrium 1. How can you detect an allele that is undergoing strong positive selection? 2. Consider two loci (locus 1 with alleles A and a, and locus 2 with alleles B and b) with allele frequencies p = 0.4 and s= 0.7. a) What are the expected gamete frequencies if the two loci are in linkage equilibrium? p = 0.4 P(AB) = p(ab) = p(AB) = p(aB) = Accessibility: Unavailable b) What is the value Doux assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium? Hint: it is the smaller value between the two products of allele frequencies. Q c). Calculate the gametic frequencies assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium (Hint: remember that D is used to measure the deviation from random association between alleles at the two loci 1 and 2, so that for gamete AB for example, D = p(AB) - p*s). F4 q= % 5 9 F5 S = 0.7 ^ p(Ab) = p(ab) = 6 p(Ab) = p(ab) = MacBook Air F6 t = & 7 F7 * 8 DII F8 9 Focus F9 0
III b) Calculate D. a) Estimate the gametic and allele frequencies. 3. The genes for the human blood types MN and Ss are closely linked genes on chromosome 4. A sample of 2000 British people returns the following numbers of each type of chromosome: MS 474 1000 2000 5 Accessibility: Unavailable c) Test whether the two loci are in linkage disequilibrium in this population. 10000 Ms 611 d) What is the amount of disequilibrium relative to its maximum (or minimum) value? 0.3 e) What are the expected frequencies of chromosomes assuming linkage equilibrium? 0.2 0.05 Normal 4. A population of 13000 individuals is subdivided in three subpopulations as shown in the table below. Consider two loci, both with two alleles: the first locus with alleles A and A, and the second locus with alleles B and b. Subpopulation Frequency (A) Frequency (B) NS 0.5 142 0.4 0.1 No Spacing a) Is there linkage disequilibrium in any of these three subpopulations? Ns 773 MacBook Air Frequency of haplotype AB 0.15 b) Is there linkage disequilibrium in the larger population of 13000 individuals? 0.8 Heading 1 0.005 Heading 2 Focus
Transcribed Image Text:III b) Calculate D. a) Estimate the gametic and allele frequencies. 3. The genes for the human blood types MN and Ss are closely linked genes on chromosome 4. A sample of 2000 British people returns the following numbers of each type of chromosome: MS 474 1000 2000 5 Accessibility: Unavailable c) Test whether the two loci are in linkage disequilibrium in this population. 10000 Ms 611 d) What is the amount of disequilibrium relative to its maximum (or minimum) value? 0.3 e) What are the expected frequencies of chromosomes assuming linkage equilibrium? 0.2 0.05 Normal 4. A population of 13000 individuals is subdivided in three subpopulations as shown in the table below. Consider two loci, both with two alleles: the first locus with alleles A and A, and the second locus with alleles B and b. Subpopulation Frequency (A) Frequency (B) NS 0.5 142 0.4 0.1 No Spacing a) Is there linkage disequilibrium in any of these three subpopulations? Ns 773 MacBook Air Frequency of haplotype AB 0.15 b) Is there linkage disequilibrium in the larger population of 13000 individuals? 0.8 Heading 1 0.005 Heading 2 Focus
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