In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table. On-the-Job Accident Yes 12 9 13 34 Row Total 17 Smoker Heavy Moderate Nonsmoker Column total No 5 10 17 32 19 30 66 Expected counts are below observed counts Total Accident No Accident 12 8.76 9. 9.79 13 Heavy .5 8.24 10 9.21 17 17 Moderate 19 Nonsmoker 30 15.45 34 14.55 Total Chi-Sq = 3.41, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.182 32 66 (a) For each row and column total in the above table, find the corresponding row/column percentage. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

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**Table Analysis and Hypothesis Testing**

**Task:**

(b) For each cell in the above table, find the corresponding cell, row, and column percentages. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

**Table Structure:**

- The table is divided into categories based on smoking habits and occurrence of accidents:
  - **Smoking Habits:** Heavy, Moderate, Nonsmoker
  - **Accident Occurrence:** Accident, No Accident

- Each cell in the table requires calculation of:
  - **Cell Percentage**
  - **Row Percentage**
  - **Column Percentage**

**Details for Calculation:**

- **Heavy Smoker:**
  - Accident: 
    - Cell = ___ % 
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

  - No Accident:
    - Cell = ___ %
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

- **Moderate Smoker:**
  - Accident: 
    - Cell = ___ % 
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

  - No Accident:
    - Cell = ___ %
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

- **Nonsmoker:**
  - Accident: 
    - Cell = ___ % 
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

  - No Accident:
    - Cell = ___ %
    - Row = ___ %
    - Column = ___ %

(c) Use the Minitab output in the above to test the hypothesis that the incidence of on-the-job accidents is independent of smoking habits. Set \( \alpha = 0.01 \).

- **Hypothesis Result:**
  - Outcome: Do not reject \( H_0 \).

**Conclusion:**
With the given statistical testing in Minitab, at a significance level of 0.01, the hypothesis that smoking habits are independent of the incidence of on-the-job accidents cannot be rejected.
Transcribed Image Text:**Table Analysis and Hypothesis Testing** **Task:** (b) For each cell in the above table, find the corresponding cell, row, and column percentages. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) **Table Structure:** - The table is divided into categories based on smoking habits and occurrence of accidents: - **Smoking Habits:** Heavy, Moderate, Nonsmoker - **Accident Occurrence:** Accident, No Accident - Each cell in the table requires calculation of: - **Cell Percentage** - **Row Percentage** - **Column Percentage** **Details for Calculation:** - **Heavy Smoker:** - Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % - No Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % - **Moderate Smoker:** - Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % - No Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % - **Nonsmoker:** - Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % - No Accident: - Cell = ___ % - Row = ___ % - Column = ___ % (c) Use the Minitab output in the above to test the hypothesis that the incidence of on-the-job accidents is independent of smoking habits. Set \( \alpha = 0.01 \). - **Hypothesis Result:** - Outcome: Do not reject \( H_0 \). **Conclusion:** With the given statistical testing in Minitab, at a significance level of 0.01, the hypothesis that smoking habits are independent of the incidence of on-the-job accidents cannot be rejected.
In the book *Business Research Methods* (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows:

Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not.

The sample results are given in the following table.

### On-the-Job Accident

| Smoker     | Yes | No | Row Total |
|------------|-----|----|-----------|
| Heavy      | 12  | 5  | 17        |
| Moderate   | 9   | 10 | 19        |
| Nonsmoker  | 13  | 17 | 30        |
| Column Total | 34 | 32 | 66      |

### Expected counts are below observed counts

|              | Accident | No Accident | Total |
|--------------|----------|-------------|-------|
| Heavy        | 12       | 5           | 17    |
|              | 8.76     | 8.24        |       |
| Moderate     | 9        | 10          | 19    |
|              | 9.79     | 9.21        |       |
| Nonsmoker    | 13       | 17          | 30    |
|              | 15.45    | 14.55       |       |
| Total        | 34       | 32          | 66    |

- Chi-Square = 3.41, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.182

**(a)** For each row and column total in the above table, find the corresponding row/column percentage. *(Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)*

|              |                   |          |
|--------------|-------------------|----------|
| Row 1        |                   | 14.55%   |
| Row 2        |                   | %        |
| Row 3        |                   | %        |
| Column 1     |                   | %        |
| Column 2     |
Transcribed Image Text:In the book *Business Research Methods* (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table. ### On-the-Job Accident | Smoker | Yes | No | Row Total | |------------|-----|----|-----------| | Heavy | 12 | 5 | 17 | | Moderate | 9 | 10 | 19 | | Nonsmoker | 13 | 17 | 30 | | Column Total | 34 | 32 | 66 | ### Expected counts are below observed counts | | Accident | No Accident | Total | |--------------|----------|-------------|-------| | Heavy | 12 | 5 | 17 | | | 8.76 | 8.24 | | | Moderate | 9 | 10 | 19 | | | 9.79 | 9.21 | | | Nonsmoker | 13 | 17 | 30 | | | 15.45 | 14.55 | | | Total | 34 | 32 | 66 | - Chi-Square = 3.41, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.182 **(a)** For each row and column total in the above table, find the corresponding row/column percentage. *(Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)* | | | | |--------------|-------------------|----------| | Row 1 | | 14.55% | | Row 2 | | % | | Row 3 | | % | | Column 1 | | % | | Column 2 |
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