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In the above spectrum, why are there two signals?

In the above spectrum, why are there two signals?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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please answer all the questions, 16-21. thank you.

### Table: Proton NMR Multiplicity | N (number of non-equivalent adjacent H's) | Peak Ratio (intensities) | Multiplicity | |-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------| | 0 | 1 | Singlet | | 1 | 1:1 | Doublet | | 2 | 1:2:1 | Triplet | | 3 | 1:3:3:1 | Quartet | | 4 | 1:4:6:4:1 | Quintet | | 5 | 1:5:10:10:5:1 | Sextet | ### Diagram Explanation The diagram is a proton NMR spectrum, showing signals in the chemical shift range from approximately 6.0 ppm to 3.5 ppm. The following features are highlighted: - **Molecular Structure Inset**: - This includes a structure with two bromine atoms (Br) attached to a carbon chain. - Two protons, labeled Ha and Hb, are shown on the adjacent carbon atoms. ### Spectrum Features - There are two significant peaks labeled Ha and Hb, indicating two different environments for the protons in the molecule. - The vertical axis represents the intensity of the NMR signal, and the horizontal axis shows the chemical shift (δ) in ppm (parts per million). ### Questions for Consideration 16. **In the above spectrum, why are there two signals?** 17. **Why is Ha more downfield than Hb?** 18. **What would you expect to be the area under the curve for Ha? What would you expect to be the area under the curve for Hb? That is, what would you expect their integration ratio to be?** 19. **For Ha, how many non-equivalent protons are on the adjacent carbon atoms (that is, how many non-equivalent protons are 3 bonds away)?** 20. **How does the answer in question 19 explain the splitting pattern of Ha? Does the splitting pattern of Ha follow the N+1 Rule?** 21. **For Hb, how many non-equivalent protons are on the adjacent carbon atoms (that is, how many non-equivalent protons are 3 bonds away)?**
Transcribed Image Text:### Table: Proton NMR Multiplicity | N (number of non-equivalent adjacent H's) | Peak Ratio (intensities) | Multiplicity | |-------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------| | 0 | 1 | Singlet | | 1 | 1:1 | Doublet | | 2 | 1:2:1 | Triplet | | 3 | 1:3:3:1 | Quartet | | 4 | 1:4:6:4:1 | Quintet | | 5 | 1:5:10:10:5:1 | Sextet | ### Diagram Explanation The diagram is a proton NMR spectrum, showing signals in the chemical shift range from approximately 6.0 ppm to 3.5 ppm. The following features are highlighted: - **Molecular Structure Inset**: - This includes a structure with two bromine atoms (Br) attached to a carbon chain. - Two protons, labeled Ha and Hb, are shown on the adjacent carbon atoms. ### Spectrum Features - There are two significant peaks labeled Ha and Hb, indicating two different environments for the protons in the molecule. - The vertical axis represents the intensity of the NMR signal, and the horizontal axis shows the chemical shift (δ) in ppm (parts per million). ### Questions for Consideration 16. **In the above spectrum, why are there two signals?** 17. **Why is Ha more downfield than Hb?** 18. **What would you expect to be the area under the curve for Ha? What would you expect to be the area under the curve for Hb? That is, what would you expect their integration ratio to be?** 19. **For Ha, how many non-equivalent protons are on the adjacent carbon atoms (that is, how many non-equivalent protons are 3 bonds away)?** 20. **How does the answer in question 19 explain the splitting pattern of Ha? Does the splitting pattern of Ha follow the N+1 Rule?** 21. **For Hb, how many non-equivalent protons are on the adjacent carbon atoms (that is, how many non-equivalent protons are 3 bonds away)?**
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