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in order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations fro

in order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations fro

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Please help construct diagram
In order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations from petrographic observations, such as those you have just made on the Gorda Ridge and Clear Lake samples, we must draw on information from laboratory experiments to determining the conditions (P, T, X) under which the assemblages of mineral and melt of interest are stable. Although most phase diagrams you are using in class show the locations of the liquidus, solidus, cotectic, eutectic, and peritectic as volumes, surfaces, curves or points, their determination actually requires a great number, sometimes hundreds, of experiments that "bracket" the equilibria. Experimental petrologists slave away in the laboratory to create the elegant phase diagrams or road maps required to decipher the petrogenesis of igneous rocks. In what has become a classic study of phase equilibria in the "natural basalt" system, Bender, Hodges and Bence in 1978 (EPSL, 41, 277-302) conducted a series of melting experiments over a range of pressures (0-1.5 GPa) using a primitive MOR basalt glass from the FAMOUS area recovered from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The experiments were conducted using either a 1-atm gas-mixing furnace or piston-cylinder apparatus. In a typical melting experiment, the sample is placed within an inert capsule, pressurized, and then heated to the desired run temperature. The sample is held at elevated T (and P) for a prescribed period of time (hours, days, even weeks), after which it is rapidly quenched to room T (and P). The rapid quenching renders the melt to a glass and prevents re-equilibration of the system to ambient conditions. In essence, what is recovered is the high T and P assemblage of minerals and melt that can now be examined and analyzed. Below we provided a table of experiment results from the study of Bender et al. (1978) on FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1. The table gives the pressure, temperature, run time and phase assemblage for 54 individual melting experiments. Using these data, construct a P-T phase diagram determine the regions of P- T space where unique assemblages exist. It is easiest to define a unique symbol for each unique assemblage and then plot that symbol at the corresponding P and T of the experiment. In the end you will have to separate the various fields of phase stability from one another by lines that may require interpolation or extrapolate. When you finish constructing your phase diagram, answer the questions below. 1. What is the liquidus phase (i.e., first mineral phase to crystallize) at pressures less than 1.1 GPa (11 kb)? What is the liquidus phase at higher pressure (>1.1 GPa)? 2. What is the highest temperature and pressure at which the assemblage ol+pl + liquid is stable? 3. What is the sequence of crystallization during isobaric cooling of the FAMOUS basalt at both 0.3 GPa and at 1.0 GPa? GEL 105: Lab 3-Basalt Petrogenesis Experimental results from Bender et al. (1978) on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1 Pressure Temp (°C) Time @T Phases (kbar) (min.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1285 1275 1270 1268 1265 1253 1245 1240 1235 1230 1228 1218 1215 1208 1205 1200 1190 1175 1150 1135 1200 1190 1290 1280 1270 1260 1250 1240 1230 1220 30 36 35 75 21 19 20 89 123 163 122 136 17.5 hr 23 hr 91 hr 17 hr 20 hr 46 hr 2 hr 10 days 240 240 60 60 60 240 135 230 329 240 gl gl gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx Name Experimental results from Bender et al. (1978) on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1 Phases Pressure Temp (⁹C) Time @ T (kbar) (min.) 8 60 8 70 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 1300 1290 1265 1260 1250 1240 1315 1310 1300 1290 1275 1270 1350 1340 1330 1320 1310 1300 1295 1350 1340 1330 1320 1310 180 193 305 150 80 120 63 92 212 180 60 57 63 145 185 180 150 142 60 123 180 173 gl gl; ol gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx 8 gl gl; ol gl; ol; cpx gl; ol; cpx gl; ol; cpx gl gl gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx 9
Transcribed Image Text:In order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations from petrographic observations, such as those you have just made on the Gorda Ridge and Clear Lake samples, we must draw on information from laboratory experiments to determining the conditions (P, T, X) under which the assemblages of mineral and melt of interest are stable. Although most phase diagrams you are using in class show the locations of the liquidus, solidus, cotectic, eutectic, and peritectic as volumes, surfaces, curves or points, their determination actually requires a great number, sometimes hundreds, of experiments that "bracket" the equilibria. Experimental petrologists slave away in the laboratory to create the elegant phase diagrams or road maps required to decipher the petrogenesis of igneous rocks. In what has become a classic study of phase equilibria in the "natural basalt" system, Bender, Hodges and Bence in 1978 (EPSL, 41, 277-302) conducted a series of melting experiments over a range of pressures (0-1.5 GPa) using a primitive MOR basalt glass from the FAMOUS area recovered from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The experiments were conducted using either a 1-atm gas-mixing furnace or piston-cylinder apparatus. In a typical melting experiment, the sample is placed within an inert capsule, pressurized, and then heated to the desired run temperature. The sample is held at elevated T (and P) for a prescribed period of time (hours, days, even weeks), after which it is rapidly quenched to room T (and P). The rapid quenching renders the melt to a glass and prevents re-equilibration of the system to ambient conditions. In essence, what is recovered is the high T and P assemblage of minerals and melt that can now be examined and analyzed. Below we provided a table of experiment results from the study of Bender et al. (1978) on FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1. The table gives the pressure, temperature, run time and phase assemblage for 54 individual melting experiments. Using these data, construct a P-T phase diagram determine the regions of P- T space where unique assemblages exist. It is easiest to define a unique symbol for each unique assemblage and then plot that symbol at the corresponding P and T of the experiment. In the end you will have to separate the various fields of phase stability from one another by lines that may require interpolation or extrapolate. When you finish constructing your phase diagram, answer the questions below. 1. What is the liquidus phase (i.e., first mineral phase to crystallize) at pressures less than 1.1 GPa (11 kb)? What is the liquidus phase at higher pressure (>1.1 GPa)? 2. What is the highest temperature and pressure at which the assemblage ol+pl + liquid is stable? 3. What is the sequence of crystallization during isobaric cooling of the FAMOUS basalt at both 0.3 GPa and at 1.0 GPa? GEL 105: Lab 3-Basalt Petrogenesis Experimental results from Bender et al. (1978) on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1 Pressure Temp (°C) Time @T Phases (kbar) (min.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1285 1275 1270 1268 1265 1253 1245 1240 1235 1230 1228 1218 1215 1208 1205 1200 1190 1175 1150 1135 1200 1190 1290 1280 1270 1260 1250 1240 1230 1220 30 36 35 75 21 19 20 89 123 163 122 136 17.5 hr 23 hr 91 hr 17 hr 20 hr 46 hr 2 hr 10 days 240 240 60 60 60 240 135 230 329 240 gl gl gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol gl; ol gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx Name Experimental results from Bender et al. (1978) on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1 Phases Pressure Temp (⁹C) Time @ T (kbar) (min.) 8 60 8 70 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 1300 1290 1265 1260 1250 1240 1315 1310 1300 1290 1275 1270 1350 1340 1330 1320 1310 1300 1295 1350 1340 1330 1320 1310 180 193 305 150 80 120 63 92 212 180 60 57 63 145 185 180 150 142 60 123 180 173 gl gl; ol gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx gl; ol; pl; cpx 8 gl gl; ol gl; ol; cpx gl; ol; cpx gl; ol; cpx gl gl gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx gl; cpx 9
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