A single-effect evaporator operates at 13 kN/m. What will be the hcating surface necessary to concentrate 1.25 kg/s2)of 10% caustic soda to 41% assuming a value of U of 1.25 kW/m*K, using steam at 390 K? The heating surface is 12 mbelow the liquid level.Boiling point rise of solutionFeed TemperatureSpecific heat of feedSpecific heat of the productSpecific gravity of boiling product: 30 K: 291 K: 4.0 kJ/kgK: 3.26 kJ/kgK: 1.39 In order to concentrate 4536 kg/h of an NaOH solution containing 10 wt % NaOH to a 20 wt % solution, a single-1)effect evaporator is being used with an area of 37.6 m. The feed enters at 21,1 °C (294.3 K). Saturated steam at 110 °C(383.2 K) is used for heating and the pressure in the vapor space of the evaporator is 51.7 kPa. Calculate the kg/h of steamused and the overall heat-transfer cocfficient

1) Given: Feed flow rate of NaOH F = 4536 kg/h xf = 10 wt% or 0.1 xp = 20 wt% or 0.2 PRoduct flow…

Answered: In order to concentrate 4536 kg/h of an…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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A spherical container is used to store reacting chemicals, which results in a uniform heat flux (qi”) applied to the inner surface of the container. The initial temperature of the inner wall of the container, Ti, is 500K. The container has an inner radius of 0.4 m and an outer radius of 0.5 m, the density of the container’s walls are 8055 kg/m3, and its heat capacity is 535 J/(kg-K). The container is then suddenly submerged in a liquid bath with a temperature T∞=300K. The convective heat transfer coefficient for the bath: h= 450 W/(m2 K).(a) Assume that there is a negligible thermal gradient in the wall of the container (dT/dr is negligible) and that the heat flux qi” is constant, write an equation that expresses how the temperature of the wall of the container changes with time (dT/dt) and evaluate the initial rate of change of wall temperature (dT/dt ) when qi”=106 W/m2.(b) What is the steady state temperature of the wall?
A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 10 000 kg / hr of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the Evaporator at 20 ° C. The evaporator is operated on Steam (80% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum in the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 75 ° C. The specific heat of the dilute material is 4.1 kJ / (kg ° C) and the concentrate product is 3.1 kJ / (kg ° C). Count it a. Steam demand rate = ..... kg / hour. b. Steam economy when condensate temperature is released at 75 ° C. = .... (kg of water evaporated / kg of steam)
Accetylene gas (C2H2) is often used by plumbers,welders,and glass blowers because it burns in oxygen with an intensely hot flame.The products of the combination of accetylene are carbon dioxide and water vapour .Write the unbalanced chemical equation for this process.
Fruit juice at 25 ° Celsius contains 5% total solids concentrated via single effect evaporator. Evaporator operated vacuum at 80 ° Celsius evaporation temperature and 85% quality steam supplied at 169.06 kPa. The desired concentration of the final product is 40%. The total solids rate of the concentrated product leaving the evaporator is 2500 kg / hr. the specific heat of fruit juice is 4.05 KJ / (kg degrees Celsius) and concentrated products 3.175 KJ / (per kg degrees Celsius) Count a. The required vapor rate is = b. steam economy if the condensate temperature is released at 90 ° Celsius =
The lower heating value for gaseous n-octane is 44,791 kJ/kg, and its latent heat of vaporization is 300 kJ/kg. Using this information, determine the enthalpy of formation at 298 K for liquid n-octane in kJ/kmol. (Here you are to compute the enthalpy of formation from the given information, not look it up in a property table.)
A single effect evaporator was used to concentrate 8000 kg / hr of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the evaporator at 15 ° Celsius. The evaporator was operated by steam (80% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum in the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 80 ° Celsius. the specific heat of the Ecer material is 4.1 KJ / (kg degrees Celsius) and the concentrate product is 3.1 KJ / (kg degrees Celsius). Count it a. Steam demand rate = b. Steam economy if Condensate temperature is released at 75 ° Celsius =
A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 10 000 kg / hour of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the evaporator at 15 ° C. The evaporator is operated on Steam (85% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum in the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 80 ° C. The specific heat of the dilute material is 4.1 kJ / (kg ° C) and the concentrate product is 3.1 kJ / (kg ° C). Count it (a) Rate of demand for steam = kg / hour. b. Steam economy if condensate temperature is released at 75 ° C = (kg water evaporated / kg steam)
A fully charged battery contains 0.02 kmol Ag₂O (silver oxide) and 0.02 kmol Zn (zinc). The battery is initially at a temperature of 21°C. The fully charged battery is then discharged for half an hour under adiabatic conditions (no heat leaves the system). During the half hour of being discharged, the electric current from the battery does 200 kJ of work external to the battery system (none of this external work heats the battery). During this half hour, 0.001 kmol of both reactants are consumed in the net cell discharge reaction: Please see the following table for heat capacities and heats of formation. The heats of formation below show the amount of energy (kJ) needed to form one kmole of each component. If the heat of formation is negative, then forming that species releases energy (to do work or provide heat). Therefore, to create one kmole of silver oxide 29000 kJ energy is released and is generated in the battery (for work or heat), and if one kmole of silver oxide decomposes…
Insulated Sample Burning outside dish sample chamber Steel bomb Combustion (bomb) calorimeter. In an experiment, a 0.6629 g sample of phthalic acid ( C8H604) is burned completely in a bomb calorimeter. The calorimeter is surrounded by 1.046 x 10³ g of water. During the combustion the temperature increases from 24.04 to 26.63 °C. The heat capacity of water is 4.184 J-g¹. C-¹. The heat capacity of the calorimeter was determined in a previous experiment to be 788.9 J. ˚C-¹. Assuming that no energy is lost to the surroundings, calculate the molar heat of combustion of phthalic acid based on these data. C8 H6 O4(s) + (15/2) O2(g) → 3H₂O(l) + 8CO2 (g) + Energy kJ/mol Molar Heat of Combustion =
A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 10 000 kg / hr of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the Evaporator at 20 ° C. The evaporator is operated on Steam (80% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum in the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 80 ° C. The specific heat of the dilute material is 4.1 kJ / (kg ° C) and the concentrate product is 3.1 kJ / (kg ° C). Count it (a) Steam demand rate = Answer kg / hour. b. Steam economy when condensate temperature is released at 75 ° C. = Answer (kg of water evaporated / kg of steam)
Condensation of Steam on Vertical Tubes. Steam at 1 atm pressure abs and 100°C is condensing on a bank of five vertical tubes each 0.305 m high and having an OD of 25.4 mm. The tubes are arranged in a bundle spaced far enough apart so that they do not interfere with each other. The surface temper- ature of the tubes is 97.78°C. Calculate the average heat-transfer coefficient and the total kg condensate per hour. Ans. h = 15 240 W/m².K
Q3(a) A stream of benzene vapor at 580 °C and 1 atm is cooled and converted to a liquid at 25 °C and latm in a continuous condenser. (i) (ii) Illustrate a completely process path for the above process. Calculate the total enthalpy change for this process.

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