In normal mitochondria, which of the following is true for the rate of NADHconsumption (oxidation)?Select all that applyBe very low if the ATP synthase is inhibited, but increase when an uncoupler(equalizer of H+ concentration) is addeddecrease if mitochondrial ADP is depletedIncrease in active muscle and decrease in inactive muscledecrease when cyanide is added to prevent electron transfer through theelectron transport chain

Mitochondria occupy a significant part of the cytoplasmic extent of eukaryotic cells, and that they…

Answered: In normal mitochondria, which of the…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a lipid soluble H+ binding drug that equalizes the H+ concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following would you predict to occur upon addition of DNP to a cell? Halt in both pyruvate oxidation and ATP synthesis Halt in pyruvate oxidation and continuation in ATP synthesis Continuation in pyruvate oxidation and halt in ATP synthesis Continuation in both pyruvate oxidation and ATP synthesis
Where is the first NADH molecule produced in cellular respiration? options: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A Conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to pyruvate Reduction of oxygen to water In the cytoplasm
Calculate the total amount of ATP’s that can be produced by the Krebs cycle and the resultant oxidative phosphorylation, if 3 glucose molecules are metabolized. Do not include glycolysis and acetyl CoA conversion
Eukaryotic mitochondria consume exactly how many substrate molecules, in their production of six carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules, during aerobic respiration? one C6H12O6 molecule, six H2O molecules, and six O2 molecules are consumed twelve C6H12O6 molecules, six H2O molecules, and three CO2 molecules are consumed six H2O molecules and twelve CO2 molecules are consumed six C6H12O6 molecules, three H2O molecules, and six CO2 molecules are consumed twelve H2O molecules and six O2 molecules are consumed
Describe the movement of protons that is caused by the action of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and explain why more ATP can be generated from the addition of NADH to the system as opposed to succinate.
Explain why ATP hydrolysis occurs so early in glycolysis,an ATP-producing pathway
SEQUENCE THE FOLLOWING MAJOR EVENTS IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION USING NUMBERS 1 - 4 - A series of reactions wherein the pyruvic acid is converted from one compound to another releasing CO2, NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP molecules. - The breakdown of one glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acids; 2 ATP molecules are produced and NADH is released to be used in the later stage of cellular respiration. - In this stage, the NADH and FADH2 produced in the previous reactions give up high-energy electrons that are passed from one molecule to another, producing ATP in the process. It is in this stage that most ATP molecules are produced. - Each molecule of pyruvic acid produces one molecule each of CO2 and acetyl CoA and more NADH is produced.
Cyanide toxicity results from its ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase c, part of the ETC of cell respiration. What effect(s) might you expect from cyanide poisoning? U a. Intracellular accumulation of NADH. Ob. Rapid depletion of oxygen. Increased amounts of oxidative phosphorylation. Od. Inhibition of PFK would occur. U e. Decreased production of ATP
Describe the main functions of the different components of the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrion. A structurally similar enzyme is responsible for the acidification of lysosomes and endosomes. Given what you know about the mechanism of ATP synthesis, explain how this acidification might occur.
. In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.
The maximal recovery of energy from oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O requires the coordination of the glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, the electron transport chain and the ATP synthase. During these processes each molecule of glucose generates: 6 molecules of NADH and 1 molecules of FADH2. 10 molecules of NAD* and2 molecules of FADH2. 10 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of FAD. 10 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of FADH2. 10 molecules of NAD* and 1 molecules of FADH2.
Briefly explain the structure and sequence of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain while including each Complex, journeys electrons take through the chain and how this produces gradients for ATP synthesis. Include in the short answer how uncoupling can be used to produce heat and give two real-world examples.

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