In defining the “output’ of the study, which of the following constructs in the conceptual framework best defines this context? Option 1. Independent variable Option 2. Dependent variable
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- 15. Commercial real estate prices and rental rates suffered substantial declines in 2008 and 2009 (Newsweek, July 27, 2009). These declines were particularly severe in AsiaB annual lease rates in Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Singapore declined by 40% or more. Even with such large declines, annual lease rates in Asia were still higher than those in many cities in Europe. Annual lease rates for a sample of 30 commercial properties in Hong Kong showed a mean of $1,114 per square meter with a standard deviation of $230.In a study to determine the effect of early child care on infant-mother attachment patterns, 92 infants were classified as either "secure" or "anxious" using an appropriate measurement scale. In addition, the infants were classified according to the average number of hours per week that they spent in child care. The data are presented in the table. High (20-54 hours) Low Moderate (0-3 hours) (4-19 hours) Secure 22 33 Anxious 12 9. 9. (a) Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that there is a difference in attachment pattern for the infants depending on the amount of time spent in child care? Test using a = 0.05. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Ho: Attachment pattern and amount of time spent in child care are dependent. H: Attachment pattern and amount of time spent in child care are independent. Ho: : The number of secure and anxious children are equal. : The number of secure and anxious children are not equal. Ha : Attachment pattern and amount of time spent in…Online Sales Inc. has outsourced their customer service and wants to construct a control chart for determining whether the 10 customer service employees in the company they’ve hired are under control regarding the number of unsatisfied customers. Online Sales Inc. has sampled 100 service calls from last year for each customer service employee, with the following results: Customer Service Employee Unsatisfied customers 1 20 2 33 3 15 4 28 5 17 6 25 7 18 8 26 9 16 10 28 Analyze the data using a p-chart that would provide a 97% confidence interval, identifying the control limits and customer service employees, if any, that are outside the control limits. (use excel to show formulas used)
- Suppose we wish to compare the health status of two groups of people. What variables might we use to measure the status? What variables might we want to control in order to draw the appropriate inferences and why?The following table shows a sample dataset of observation values of an independent variable, Age, and a dependent variable, number of toys Age 5 3 6 3 4 4 6 8 Toys 13 15 7 12 13 11 9 5 What is the value of Toys when Age is 7 (round your answer without decimal)What is a confounding variable in research, and how can it affect the results of a study? Provide an example of a confounding variable in a hypothetical study.
- Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: Klien et al (2011) conducted the following study to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium treatment on the risk of developing prostate cancer in healthy men. A total of 34,887 men from different study sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico were randomly selected. To be eligible to participate, the men had to take a rectal examination that showed he was not suspicious of having prostate cancer and be aged 50 years or older for black men and 55 years or older for all others. Each man was randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: selenium, vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E together, or a placebo. The men were followed up after 8 years to see if they had developed prostate cancer or not. The main question of interest is to determine if the risk of developing prostate cancer differs by the treatment taken. The data are summarized in the table below: No Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Total Selenium 8,752 8,737 8,702…A statistical program is recommended. You may need to use this table to answer this question. A study investigated the relationship between audit delay (Delay), the length of time from a company's fiscal year-end to the date of the auditor's report, and variables that describe the client and the auditor. Some of the independent variables that were included in this study follow. Industry Public Quality Finished 62 45 A sample of 40 companies provided the following data. 54 Delay Industry Public Quality 71 91 62 61 2 69 80 52 47 65 60 81 73 89 71 76 68 68 86 76 67 57 55 54 69 82 94 74 75 69 71 79 80 91 92 46 A dummy variable coded 1 if the firm was an industrial company or 0 if the firm was a bank, savings and loan, or insurance company. 72 A dummy variable coded 1 if the company was traded on an organized exchange or over the counter; otherwise coded 0. 85 A measure of overall quality of internal controls, as judged by the auditor, on a five-point scale ranging from "virtually none" (1)…A sociologist is interested in the opinion of Minnesota teachers on the recent labor union law passed by Wisconsin lawmakers. a. What is the experimental unit? b.What is the population? c.What are the variables relevant to this study? Classify them as continuous, discrete, nominal, or ordinal. d. Explain how you would select a sample for this study. Explain pros and cons of your method.
- A political science professor wants to determine her students’ attitude toward a presidential executive order preventing the construction of the Keystone Natural Gas pipeline. She has a sample of 50 students complete an interval level, 7-point scale assessing their attitude toward the policy where 1 = highly unfavorable 2= moderately unfavorable, 3 = slightly unfavorable, 4 = neutral, 5 = slightly favorable, 6 = moderately favorable, 7 = highly favorable. The sample mean is 4.6 with a standard deviation of 1.2. Using α = .01 what can she conclude regarding her students’ attitude toward the policy?I want to assess the effects of diet (control diet, high-sugar diet, high-fat diet) and exercise (no voluntary running wheel, voluntary running wheel) on time spent in a target quadrant (more time indicates better memory). I record the percent time spent in a target quadrant for 30 mice and obtain the following data: Control Diet High-sugar Diet High-fat diet No running wheel 15, 28, 29, 30, 25 24, 20, 30, 32, 20 19, 23, 22, 23, 25 Running wheel 30, 34, 35, 44, 32 21, 22, 28, 26, 29 30, 32, 28, 19, 26 What type of factorial design is this? (ex: # x #) ______________ What is the critical F value you’ll be making a decision based on (assume alpha = .05)? Diet: ____ Exercise: _____ Interaction: ______Shape of the distribution of data can be visually assessed using which plot(s)? a. boxplot b. histogram c. scatterplot d. all of the above Potential confounders are issue in the following type of study design. a. Observational cohort studies b. Case-control studies c. Both observational cohort and case-control studies Subjects are recruited to take part in a study examining the effect of a new therapy to aid with smoking cessation for persons who smoke cigarettes. If a subject is followed until he/she stops smoking, their survival time is: a. Censored b. Excluded from the analysis c. Uncensored d. Survival time is zero, since the subject had the event of interest